In the process of new rural construction, many farmers are now planting fruit trees in their courtyards. This not only enhances the aesthetic appeal of the living environment but also serves as an effective way to boost household income. However, due to a lack of proper knowledge and technical support, the productivity and efficiency of these fruit trees remain low. To address this, several key considerations should be taken into account when cultivating fruit trees in gardens.
First, it's important to choose local fruit tree species that are well-suited for courtyard planting. There are numerous types, such as peaches, plums, persimmons, jujubes, pears, chestnuts, and more. Each type has specific environmental requirements. For example, pears and chestnuts require loose, fertile, and deep soil to thrive, while persimmons should not be planted in dry or infertile areas. Different fruit trees also have varying needs for sunlight, water, and nutrients. Some, like pears and grapes, are cold-tolerant, while others, like peaches and plums, prefer sunny conditions. Bayberry trees, on the other hand, can tolerate shade. Therefore, it’s essential to match the right species with the garden's location and conditions.
Second, a scientific layout is crucial. In sunny and sheltered areas, you can plant peaches, plums, and bayberries. Along the sides of the house and behind it, pears, persimmons, chestnuts, and jujubes are ideal. On balconies, windowsills, and rooftops, small potted plants like kumquats, grapes, and dwarf peaches work well. It’s also wise to mix early, mid, and late-season varieties to ensure continuous flowering and fruiting throughout the year.
Third, ensuring adequate light and good ventilation is essential. Due to the presence of walls and buildings, fruit trees may suffer from shading and poor air circulation, which can lead to weak growth and reduced fruit production. To prevent this, obstacles should be removed, and pruning techniques should be used to shape the trees. Trimming excess branches, increasing spacing between layers, and removing dense, upright, or competing branches will help improve light penetration and airflow, promoting better photosynthesis and fruiting.
Fourth, proper pollination is necessary. Many fruit trees are planted in small quantities, making it difficult to set up proper pollination partners. Most fruit trees have low self-pollination rates and require cross-pollination for high yields. For instance, pears, plums, and peaches often need compatible varieties to ensure successful pollination. Some, like bayberries, are dioecious, meaning they require both male and female plants. When planting, it's important to select varieties that bloom at the same time and have good quality and disease resistance. Also, avoid mixing certain species, such as pears with peaches or grapes with cypress trees.
Lastly, pest and disease control is critical. Garden-grown fruit trees are often intercropped with vegetables, and pesticide use is limited or absent, leading to serious pest problems. Leaves may fall prematurely or become damaged, affecting the tree’s ability to produce fruit. Regular inspections during autumn and spring are necessary to detect and destroy eggs in bark crevices. Fallen leaves should be collected and burned. In winter, pruned branches should be gathered and treated to eliminate overwintering pests. Using cotton balls soaked in insecticides can also help control larvae in tree holes.
By following these practices, farmers can significantly improve the health and productivity of their fruit trees, making courtyard gardening a sustainable and profitable endeavor.
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