Garlic stalk rot, caused by *Sclerotinia sclerotiorum*, is a serious fungal disease that affects garlic plants. In the early stages, water-soaked lesions appear on the stems, which later turn dark or grayish in color. When humidity is high, the affected areas become soft and begin to decay, with white, cotton-like fungal growth appearing on the surface. The rotting parts emit a strong, distinct garlic odor. As the disease progresses, the leaf sheaths decay, leading to yellowing and eventual death of the upper leaves. The garlic roots and root plate also begin to rot, causing the plant to wilt and spread out.
The disease thrives under moderate temperatures, typically around 20°C, and high relative humidity (above 85%). In spring, when temperatures reach 6°C, the sclerotia start to germinate. At around 14°C, the first infection peak occurs, with the highest incidence usually seen in late April. Frequent spring rains or excessive watering can significantly increase the risk of infection, especially when the humidity under plastic mulch remains high. Fields that are low-lying, poorly drained, or have been infected for several years tend to experience more severe outbreaks.
The disease often appears early in the season, usually from late March to early April. To manage it, farmers can apply 50% thiram wettable powder diluted at 1500 times, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder at 600 times. Spraying should be done every 7 to 10 days, with 1 to 3 applications depending on the severity of the outbreak. It's important to monitor the crop regularly and take preventive measures early to reduce the impact of this destructive disease.
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