Management after winter cucumber colonization

First, post-planting management focuses on maintaining healthy seedlings and promoting early root development. During this stage, watering and fertilization are generally avoided unless the soil becomes excessively dry or the plants show signs of legginess. It's important to maximize the photosynthetic area by ensuring proper light exposure. As new leaves emerge, a small amount of water should be applied promptly to support growth.

For early flowering management, it's crucial to implement variable temperature control. Daytime temperatures should be kept around 20°C to 25°C, while nighttime temperatures should drop to 11°C to 18°C. This helps increase the day-night temperature difference, which is beneficial for fruit setting. The straw curtain should be removed as soon as possible to allow more sunlight into the greenhouse. Regular cleaning of the plastic film ensures better light penetration. Avoid watering and fertilizing during this period, and make sure to train the vines properly, remove tendrils, and eliminate side shoots to improve air circulation and reduce disease risk.

During the fruiting stage, temperature management is critical. After 10 am, the greenhouse temperature should rise to 28°C to 30°C, and if it exceeds 32°C, ventilation is necessary. By 2 pm, the temperature should be maintained between 20°C and 28°C. At night, the temperature should gradually decrease to 18°C to 20°C in the middle of the night and further drop to 15°C to 11°C before dawn. Relative humidity should be kept around 85%. Once the fruits set, apply a single irrigation with 15–20 kg of ammonium nitrate dissolved in water to promote above-ground growth. Every 10–15 days, use top dressing with water, making sure not to let the plants show any signs of water stress. As the fruiting period progresses, increase irrigation and follow a balanced fertilization plan. The total fertilizer ratio should be N:P:K = 5:3:7, using components such as diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, or potassium nitrate along with urea. During the deep winter months, ensure the greenhouse temperature remains above 10°C, and the irrigation water should be warmer than 12°C. If needed, soak the flowers in a 25 mg/kg solution of 2.4-D to help retain the fruits. In case of prolonged cold or overcast weather, harvest smaller melons and extend the light exposure time without affecting the greenhouse temperature. If snow falls, ensure at least 2 hours of sunlight exposure each day.

When harvesting, avoid cutting the melon strips too large. Typically, they should weigh about 200 to 250 grams. On low-light or cloudy days, harvest slightly smaller ones, around 150 to 200 grams.

Second, managing physiological issues in winter-grown cucumbers is essential. Common problems include misshapen fruits like large-headed, bee-bellied, sharp-lipped, curved, or hollow-fruited cucumbers. These issues often stem from insufficient light, extreme temperatures, irregular watering, uneven nutrient supply, severe pest infestations, or overcrowding. Another issue is the yellowing of the fruit tip, especially as winter deepens. The fruit’s top turns yellow-green, which may be variety-related but is often linked to low temperatures, particularly when the soil is too cold. Proper care and environmental control can help mitigate these challenges and ensure a healthier, more productive crop.

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