Looking at the summer and autumn of 2006, in most parts of the country, a direct high temperature and low rainfall weather continued to affect people’s lives and production, especially the production of edible fungi. The cultivation of edible fungi is affected by high temperatures, and some of the bacteria grow up at high temperatures and go out of their way. Many farmers have caused devastating blows because of their neglect of prevention and control. At the request of a farmer's friends, we will focus on the causes of Fusarium spp. and its preventive measures. We will strive to allow more Mushroom farmers to pay attention to their harmfulness and prevent it as soon as possible. (Yuan Shiping Suizhou City, Hubei Province, edible fungus disinfectant factory http://syxdjc.aweb.cn)
1, hazardous: Fusarium mildew, also known as wet bubble disease, white rot. It belongs to a kind of fungus that not only harms mushrooms, but also harms most of edible fungi such as straw mushroom, oyster mushroom, shiitake mushroom, white fungus, and ganoderma lucidum. It is said by experts in the field of bacteria that the second largest contaminating bacteria in addition to Trichoderma besides the cultivation of edible fungi is extremely stubborn and difficult to cure. If it is not effectively controlled, it will be planted year after year and will recur year after year. The lighter will reduce production by more than 40%. Severe cases can cause a mushroom shed!
2. Typical symptoms: After a long-term study, it was found that the pathogen only infects fruiting bodies without invading the mycelium. Mushrooms need to be infected for at least 11 days from the beginning to the initial symptoms. The growth and development of mycelia can accelerate the germination of spores of Fusarium molds. The incidence of the first oyster mushroom is usually caused by the cover soil and the old mushroom shelf. Mushroom disease is caused by water, tools, and artificial re-dissemination. If it is infested during the formation of mushroom buds, its performance is as follows: normal mushroom buds have not appeared yet, and the mushrooms have grown in large quantities to form a kind of irregular shape of the Mabul-like tissue. The mushrooms are usually 3-4 days ahead of normal mushrooms. If it is infested in the growth period of the young bud, the mushroom can continue to grow, but the mushroom cap develops abnormally or stops development. The mushroom stem expands and deforms and shows a twisting deformity. The mushroom interior is hollow later, and the mushroom cap At the junction with the stipe and the stipe base, white villous mycelium grows, then turns dark brown, and the surface is oozing with brownish water droplets and odor.
3, the law of occurrence: The bacteria are widely distributed in the topsoil 2-9 cm. The most suitable growth temperature is 25°C, and the growth is extremely slow at 10°C, and basically cannot grow at temperatures above 35°C. The tests showed that in the soil and compost, the pathogenic spores died at a temperature of 56°C for 4 hours and a temperature of 65°C for 1 hour.
The pathogen is mainly transmitted through the soil, water spray, humans, tools, insects, etc. Poor ventilation, high temperature, and high humidity also help the disease occur.
4. Control methods: 1 Before the planting, mushroom house and mushroom stand shall be sprayed and disinfected with 5% bleach solution or 5% formaldehyde solution; 2 Disinfection of soil cover: cover soil shall take deep soil below 30 cm, do not take surface soil, and do not The soil is taken out of the field where the mushroom waste has been thrown out; after the soil is ready, it should be dried in the sun and dried, and disinfected with a pharmacological agent at the same time. Diseases in areas with severe disease may be given an appropriate amount of medication; after the second application of the mushroom in the second batch of mushrooms, a net 700-fold solution is sprayed on the mushroom bed. (Suizhou City, Hubei Province, edible fungus disinfectant factory http://syxdjc.aweb.cn)
3 After the mushroom is found, stop the water spray immediately and increase the ventilation of the mushroom house. When the mushroom is low, it is necessary to timely remove and burn it. Do not throw it in case of a malignant infection. When a large number of mushrooms appear on the mushroom bed, do not remove it immediately. First, the good mushrooms were harvested, and then the mold was sprayed with 500 times liquid, sprayed at intervals of 3-7 days, for 3-4 consecutive times, and the results were particularly good.
5, other matters needing attention: 1 used mushroom tools to use 2% formaldehyde disinfection, hands should also be promptly cleaned, do not use the mushrooms collected by the hands of the mushroom bed; 2 serious areas do not arbitrarily cover the date of early soiling ; 3 disease areas in the mushroom farmers do not visit each other, so as not to pass pathogenic spores into others mushroom house.