China is the origin of the citron. Since ancient times, rural areas in China have had the traditional habit of planting citrons behind the houses and in the fields. The axillary bud not only contains high protein, fat, vitamins and other nutrients, but also rich in trace elements such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, magnesium, etc. It is a kind of color and delicious, high nutritional value of woody vegetables . However, due to the extensive distribution of long-term management methods of camphor trees, the yield and quality of camphor was seriously affected. Its pruning and management techniques are now described as follows:
One, pruning
1. Spring shearing Citron spring pruning is a styling pruning, which is generally performed synchronously with axillary bud harvesting. From the second year after the cultivation of citrons, the top buds of the 2-year-old treetops were removed, and 2 to 3 sprouts sprouted in that year. If the height of trunk is suitable, new shoots can be kept, and after lignification, it will become 2 to 3 lateral branches; if the height of trunk is too high, the new shoots can be picked up (not all shoots can be picked), and the buds in the lower buds can sprout and sprout. The desired position retains 2 to 3 germinating sprouts and becomes lateral branches after lignification. After the third year, new shoots will emerge at the top of the three lateral branches. When trimming, the top buds of three lateral branches will be removed. Then, each side branch will sprout two to three new lateral buds, and new lateral branches will be formed after lignification. After this formation, there are 6 to 9 backbone branches per tree. Such tree trunks are tall, branches are large, the canopy layer is thick, and the lighting and lighting are good, the harvesting surface is large, and the yield is relatively stable.
2. Summer shearing Since the yield and quality of citron mainly depend on the number of the top buds, the number of shoots per unit area and the number of top buds can be high, it is necessary to carry out the necessary summer shaping and trimming of the citron tree to promote its formation. branch. Summer pruning is usually performed at about 3 o'clock in the afternoon from June to August. This is beneficial for wound healing. Avoid pruning on cloudy days. In the camphor tree after trimming, the overgrown and overly high shoots were topping or shortened to promote the formation of new shoots and weaker rejuvenation parts of the lateral buds to form more short lateral shoots with fuller end buds.
3. Winter shears Winter pruning is best done in early winter (or late autumn) or early spring dormancy. Sparse one-year-old births of dense branches, weak branches, diseased and diseased branches, dead branches and perennial old branches. The pruning knife axe must be sharp. When trimming, it should be close to the trunk and cut upwards. The incision should be smooth and the wound should be small. Don't try hard to pull and hurt the bark, affecting the growth and development of trees.
4. Rejuvenation After 7 to 8 years of harvesting, when the budding part is moved to the outer layer of the tree crown, the growing trend becomes weak, and the new buds are small and thin, indicating that the tree has become old and should be replaced. The head replacement is generally performed when the shoots are picked in the spring. Method: Cut branches from the third year and cut branches, that is, cut off all the branches born after the third year. Note that the length of branching in the third year should be 20 to 30 cm in order to facilitate the initiation of new shoots, maintain the integrity of the tree, and the robustness of the tree. After the head replacement, new shoots should be grown on each stubble, but excessive trimming can cause poor tree growth. If you do not keep enough, you will often develop new shoots on the backbone of the second year, which will make the tree worse. Some rejuvenation leaves only the trunk, which will result in multiple rebirths. Excessive trimming will also cause the tree to die.
Second, management
1. Insulation and warm temperatures are suitable for cultivation in regions with an average annual temperature of 8°C to 10°C. Newly planted young plants will suffer freezing and freezing at -10°C. Therefore, in the cold regions in the north, new planted young plants should be kept warm in the winter. Prevent frostbite.
2.Fertilizer is a fast-growing tree species in the early stage and has strong adaptability to soil. However, it is best to have deep sandy soil, rich calcium, and fertile sandy loam. Taro absorbs most nitrogen, followed by potassium and phosphorus. Every autumn and winter season, it is possible to open up the ditch and chase a suitable amount of quality farmyard manure, plant ash, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, etc., which are decomposed. Toon wet, not tolerant to drought, drought should be properly watered to keep the soil moist and promote growth and development. Excessive water, easy to grow, roots and necks perishable, should pay attention to drainage in the rainy season.
3. Pick buds have a short growing period and should eat early, eat fresh, eat tender. There are rumors: "The buds are tender before the rain and the buds are woody after the rain." The harvesting standard is preferably bud color purple and bud length 10-15cm. When harvesting, shoots should be taken first and buds should be taken afterwards. If the top buds are not harvested, the lower buds are difficult to grow or grow poorly. When picking shoots, gently remove the base of the petiole. When harvested from the tree-formed shoots, one strong lateral shoot must remain on each bone branch. Each new branch of the old tree must also retain one strong lateral bud. The tall tree should be harvested on the tree to avoid excessive damage to the stems. Picking can be done with long hooks where the hand is not harvested, and twigs with no value retention should be broken off. Each year buds can be harvested 2 or 3 times. Bundles of 100-200g after harvesting are packed and sealed in plastic bags to prevent dehydration and wilting.
4. The root system of S. sinensis was cleared and the sprouting force was strong. Many sprouting stalks often occurred from the rhizomes, which not only affected the growth of the trunk but also consumed nutrients. Therefore, as long as the main trunk grows well, and no new seedlings are needed, all the sprouts should be eliminated in time to ensure the robust growth of the tree.
5. Diseases and Insect Pests Prevention and treatment of Toona sinensis is less common, and leaf rust and powdery mildew are prone to occur in summer and autumn. Leaf rust mainly damages the leaves. In summer, leaves are brown and irregular, and winter leaves are black with irregular spots. The diseased plants grew slowly and caused severe early defoliation. The disease is caused by airborne infections caused by the invasion of camphora cinnabarinus and citronella multicolor rust. Powdery mildew is also the main damage to the leaves. The surface of the diseased leaves is whitish yellow-white mottled, with white powder patches on the back of the leaves, and granular dots formed later, turning into dark brown. The disease is caused by airborne infections of the spores of Toona sinensis. These two diseases can be controlled with 500 times Tricine solution.
The pests of camphor trees mainly include caterpillars, moths, and cloud beetles. The larvae period can be sprayed with 800 times the enemy insect liquid, adult stage with 1500 times 40% dimethoate EC control. Ten days larvae can also be killed by artificial injection of trichlorfon solution in the wormhole. If it is found that there is tea damage, it should be sprayed with 15% daphthol cream 1500-2000 times liquid.
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