At present, jujube cultivation has gradually transitioned from 60 to 110 strains of jujube intercropping per 667 mu to intensive planting types of 220 to 330 per 667 mu. With the increase of planting density, the pruning technology has also been continuously improved, with traditional pruning. Compared with the technology, the pruning technology of the current dense planting garden has the following new features.
1 As the tree density increases, the tree shape tends to be simplified, and the number of branches and the number of branches decreased. The tree shape uses two layers of delayed happy-shape, improved small-crown shape (spindle on a large plate), free-spindle shape, elongated spindle shape, cylindrical shape, fan shape, and lift-up V shape. Plastic surgery aims at early yields and does not deliberately pursue a typical tree shape. The general principle is to cultivate a large number of temporary, transitional, medium and small-scale, and horizontal state branches as much as possible during the sapling period (branches consist of 3, 5, and 7 secondary branches divided into small, medium, and large branches. Results 2, 3, and 4 years were divided into temporary, transitional, and permanent result groups) to ensure that the shoots had 3 to 5 h (hours) of direct light, so that the results were synchronized with the shaping. In the first layer of 35-50 cm thick leaf curtain layer, the tree is dense, the big branches are thin, and the result is dense branches and dense inner periphery.
(2) The traditional plastic surgery process has been changed for 3 to 4 years (years). Dry-cleaning shaping is performed simultaneously with rapid prototyping and early high-yield production. There are no side branches on the main branch and all kinds of result branches are produced directly. In the first layer of the curtain layer, all but two or three of the crown-enhancing branches should be continuously picked up 2 or 3 times in the summer and then twisted and softened in the fall to be in the horizontal state. After the result, it will be retracted year by year to improve the lighting condition of the tree. The specific process is as follows.
The first year cultivated a sufficient number of full main buds. After planting, the seedlings will be cut short at a height of 30 to 40 cm from the ground. When some of the newborn jujube heads grow to about 5 cm, 1/4 of the jujube cuts that sprouted from the seedlings that did not germinate from the new jujube head will be left behind. Newly dated jujube heads, jujube were removed in the middle and late June. In the middle and early July of July, when the fifth or sixth secondary branch was newly emerged in the jujube head, it was controlled to prolong its growth, and 5 to 6 mature and robust secondary branches could be cultivated in the same year.
In the second year, the tree shape and a large number of various fruiting groups were cultivated. 1 After opening the spring to the bud, try to promote the balance of the new jujube head. From top to bottom, the first secondary branch had three dates removed, and the jujube stock was removed from the back; the second secondary branch had 1-2 jujube stocks removed, while the lateral primary buds were removed; The third secondary branch was cut off with 1 to 2 jujube stocks, and the cut-out date stocks were left in the upper position; the fourth, fifth, and sixth secondary branches were cut off, and the lateral masses of the fourth secondary branch were also born. The buds were lightly engraved and wounded above the lateral main buds of the 6th secondary branch, and 6 to 7 young jujube heads with balanced growth were gradually cultivated. 2 Take heart early. In addition to the central stem in late May, all new jujube heads that had just grown 4 to 5 secondary branches were plucked, followed by 2 top dressings in a timely manner to cultivate full-grown secondary branch lateral main shoots. 3 mid-summer cut. In mid-June, when the stems were cut from green to brown, one jujube strand was cut off from the first secondary branch. At the same time the topdressing urea 0. 1kg, pouring water 1 times, can promote two new students strong Zaotou. 4 early autumn control. In early September, 2 to 3 crowns with appropriate angles and azimuth orientations were selected within the 40 cm orthopedic zone, and all other branches were twisted to make them the result of horizontal or sagging state. 5 late autumn topping the tree. 20 days before frost (days) Take care of all shoots that have not stopped growing.
In the third year, the second main branch and a large number of small branch groups were cultivated. Expand the crown and cut 1 jujube stock to reduce the potential for crown expansion. After taking the ring-cut method to cultivate the result, the branch was engraved in front of the part to be sprouted, while the second branch was cut off with one jujube stock, the two new jujube heads were promoted, and the heart was picked in time in summer. The center left the second branch to keep 2 to 3 dates to allow the results, the new hair jujube head left 2 newborn branches and early picking. At the height of 2 m, the head was dropped. In the middle of June, two 60 cm-long uniaxially-stretched jujube heads were cultured and soft-cultured into a medium-sized permanent medium-sized branch.
In the fourth year, flowering control was carried out when the canopy coverage reached 70%. Too many buds were wiped off during the flowering period, and all the secondary branches cut 2-3 front-end dates with poor ability to concentrate the nutrient of the tree, increase the fruit setting rate, and further expand the tree crown with chemicals.
3 Pruning
In the middle and late August, except for the 2 to 3 crown extension branches, the remaining branches were all taken for branching and twisting, so that they were softened in a horizontal shape. The individual Zhuang branches were softened twice to relieve the saplings. Growing up.
4 The crown rejuvenation was performed in late September and 20 to 30 days before the night cream (day). The second branch of the crown was cut at the branch of the next year. In the following spring, one jujube stock will be cut off, and the new main jujube will be cut to enlarge the crown, and the jujube head will germinate as the size of the jujube head.
5 The crown control technology was changed from the simple control of pruning and pruning to the control of fruit control, chemical control, and fertilizer control. Chemical control commonly used in each soil applied 1. 5 ~ 2. 0 gPP333, fertilizer control, including increasing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, reasonable nitrogen fertilizer, fertilizer, fertilizer, rare earth elements.
6 The dry technology improves the dry technology, promotes short and heavy cuts, and picks up the heart in summer. The full buds are cultivated and the secondary buds are full of lateral buds. Using jujube two buds and three branches to transform each other's habits, using low dry, cut dates hanging, summer picking the heart, planting the year can be cultivated full of buds. In the second summer, pruning is timely and promotes the jujube head, which solves the requirement for the early high-yield branch number (80 to 100 effective jujube stocks per 1 m2). At the same time, there are a large number of ideal shoots to choose from in the cultivation of the tree shape.
In the 7-branch group culture, the branches and branches are uniaxially extended in horizontal state by cutting, picking, releasing, and taking, and then a certain number of horizontal mean tree branches are cultivated. After the result, the results are gradually reduced to a more compact result. group. In this way, the spring shoots, summer picking, summer cuts, and autumn cuts are trimmed 4 times, basically allowing the tree to grow and grow according to man-made cultivation requirements. In addition, with the exception of over-ground pruning, the root pruning should also be taken into account when it comes to excessive rainfall.
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