As the fall season approaches, proper management of lush green fields becomes essential for optimal growth and yield. One key practice is the frequent hilling of onions, ideally done about four times throughout the growing period. The first hilling should occur when the onion reaches a height of 20 centimeters, with subsequent sessions spaced roughly every half-month. During each hilling, it's important to raise the soil around the base of the plants without burying the green leaves. The soil should be shallow enough to allow the plant to grow freely, as excessive soil can lead to a poor heart or even rot.
For fertilizer management, farmers can use well-decomposed manure mixed with large amounts of organic waste. A common method involves diluting the decomposed manure in water and pouring it directly into the furrows, ensuring the liquid seeps into the soil. Alternatively, decomposed manure can be placed beside the ditches, and then watered while stirring the mixture to ensure even distribution. This process is typically repeated three times. Each application should include approximately 50 kg of composted manure per 667 square meters. Additionally, a mixture of 7.5 kg of urea and 12 kg of superphosphate can be applied evenly in the ditches during topdressing, which is usually done twice during the season.
Watering should be carefully managed based on the moisture levels of the ridge soil and the ditch. Dry soil on the ridges indicates the need for watering, while wet soil signals to stop. In case of heavy rain, proper drainage must be ensured to prevent waterlogging and root damage.
Disease control is also crucial during the fall. Common diseases affecting onions include downy mildew and brown spot. These can be managed by alternating sprays of 400-fold diluted phosphorus aluminum and 600-fold diluted carbendazim, with applications repeated 3 to 5 times as needed. For pest control, red spider mites and cockroaches are the main concerns. Spider mites primarily affect the foliage and should be addressed early. Before soil cultivation, phoxim can be used to eliminate existing mite populations and prevent further infestations. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are essential to maintain healthy crops throughout the season.
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