First, select the goslings carefully. Choose those that are lively, vocal, with bright eyes, strong umbilical cords, clean anuses, and good muscle tone. Avoid weak, sickly, or deformed goslings, such as those with swollen bellies, blood in the umbilical area, or poor coordination.
Second, manage temperature and humidity properly. In the first week, maintain a temperature of 28-30°C, then decrease by 2°C each week until reaching around 20°C. If the temperature is too low, goslings will huddle together, make long, low noises, and may become chilled. If it's too high, they'll pant, open their mouths, and may suffer from respiratory issues. Keep the humidity between 20% and 60%, adjusting it through ventilation, light exposure, and changing bedding materials.
Third, introduce water and feed gradually. Goslings usually start drinking water 24 hours after hatching. Add glucose and vitamins to the water at 25°C to help clean their digestive systems, stimulate appetite, and aid nutrient absorption. After 30 minutes of drinking, offer food. Cut fresh greens into fine strands and mix with soaked corn (in a 2:1 ratio) to create a moist mash. Spread this on plastic sheets to encourage eating. Initially, feed small amounts, 4–5 times daily. By three weeks, increase to 6–8 meals a day, including two at night. At four weeks, adjust the feed by adding 1.5% bone meal, 2.5% shell powder, and 0.3% salt. You can also provide bran, rice polish, or cakes to reduce feeding frequency, and keep the amount at about 80% of full capacity.
Fourth, ensure proper exercise. Every hour after feeding, let the goslings move around for a short time. On cold days or at night, encourage activity to regulate body temperature, improve health, and boost survival rates.
Fifth, start grazing when appropriate. Begin grazing based on weather conditions—early in warm weather, later in colder conditions. When starting, keep the distance and duration short, gradually increasing them. Always return the geese before dark. Choose sunny, windless days, and avoid grazing when dew is still present. For the first few outings, wait until the goslings are half-full. After four weeks, they can graze all day, followed by a feeding session.
Sixth, maintain cleanliness. Regularly clean and disinfect the pens using different types of disinfectants. Ensure feed and water are fresh and uncontaminated. Provide a quiet, safe environment to minimize stress.
Seventh, implement effective management practices. Monitor the goslings daily for signs of illness. Isolate sick birds promptly, identify the cause, and treat accordingly. Avoid mixing different species to prevent disease spread. Group goslings by size and strength to ensure even growth, ideally 60–80 per group.
Eighth, focus on disease prevention and treatment. Administer anti-goat gosling serum at 0.5–1 ml per bird. At two weeks old, vaccinate against goose paramyxovirus with 0.3–0.5 ml. At 2–5 weeks, give an inactivated avian influenza vaccine at 0.5 ml. Re-vaccinate one month after the first dose with 1.5 ml. At 25 days, administer praziquantel at 10 mg/kg to control mites. This comprehensive approach ensures healthy, well-cared-for goslings.
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