Eucalyptus, also known as citron, is a valuable tree species with multiple uses in both industry and agriculture. Its cultivation begins with the careful selection of mature mother trees, ideally between 25 to 50 years old, which produce high-quality seeds. The fruits are typically harvested from October to November, when the skin changes color from green to red or black. It’s crucial to collect the seeds at the right time—too early results in low germination rates, while leaving them too long increases the risk of bird damage. Once collected, the seeds should be processed quickly to prevent heat accumulation that can harm the embryos. After washing and removing the pulp, they are defatted with ash for 12–14 hours before being dried. The seeding rate is usually around 25–30%, with each thousand seeds weighing about 120–130 grams.
For nursery preparation, it's best to use shaded and protected areas. Eucalyptus seeds have a slow germination process, so pre-treatment is essential. Dry seeds can be soaked in warm water, or mixed sand storage is recommended, with a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for two hours to enhance germination. Sowing is generally done in February or March, depending on local climate conditions. Seeds are sown in shallow furrows, about 3 cm deep, with 40–50 seeds per meter. The sowing rate is approximately 20–30 kg per mu, covered with humus or fire soil and grass to retain moisture. Germination typically starts within 40–50 days and lasts over 50–60 days. Seedlings grow slowly, reaching about 25 cm in height after several weeks.
Once seedlings are ready, they should be transplanted carefully. They are usually planted at a height of 10 cm, with 10–12 shoots per meter. During July to September, when growth is most active, regular watering and fertilization are necessary. Annual seedlings can reach 30–50 cm in height and are suitable for planting. Winter protection is important, especially in colder regions, where wind barriers or mulching is used to prevent frost damage.
The roots of eucalyptus seedlings are thick and long, with sparse lateral roots. When lifting the seedlings, care must be taken to avoid root damage. Pruning branches and leaves can improve survival rates. To encourage lateral root development, a sharp shovel can be used to cut 5–6 cm into the soil when the seedlings have 2–5 true leaves. This technique helps the plants establish better in the field.
Eucalyptus has many practical applications. Its wood is strong, flexible, and resistant to decay, making it ideal for furniture, construction, and shipbuilding. The leaves contain essential oils used in perfumes, medicines, and food products. Additionally, the oil is widely used in industrial applications, including cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. The market demand for eucalyptus oil is high, with prices steadily rising, currently reaching 70 yuan per kilogram. With proper management, eucalyptus plantations can yield up to 3,000–5,000 pounds of leaves per acre, providing significant economic returns.
Beyond its commercial value, eucalyptus also plays an important ecological role. It helps prevent soil erosion, improves air quality, and provides natural firebreaks. In urban settings, it enhances green spaces and contributes to environmental aesthetics. The development of eucalyptus plantations not only supports rural economies but also promotes sustainable land use and environmental conservation. Overall, cultivating eucalyptus is a beneficial project that offers substantial economic, ecological, and social advantages.
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