The main diseases of strawberry are gray mold, anthrax, virus disease, powdery mildew, root rot, bud blight, leaf blight, and snake eye disease. The main pests are aphids, leafhoppers, cockroaches, leafhoppers, and Spodoptera litura. In the prevention and control of diseases and pests of strawberries, special emphasis should be placed on adopting comprehensive prevention and control measures based on agricultural control.
First, use resistant varieties
Strawberry varieties with obvious disease resistance should be selected. Different strawberry varieties have different types of disease resistance. For areas with heavier powdery mildew or protected areas, it is possible to choose early-born varieties such as those resistant to powdery mildew; in areas with heavy chlorosis or protected areas, varieties such as Fengxiang and Chunxiang can be used.
Second, soil disinfection and crop rotation
Sunlight soil disinfection has good effects on the control of strawberry verticillium wilt, bud blight and nematodes. It is important to pay attention to crop rotation, and after planting strawberries for two years, it is necessary to carry out paddy crop rotation with rice and other grass crops.
Third, cultivate robust seedlings
Strawberry robust seedlings are resistant to disease, and pests and diseases easily occur from the seedling stage. Therefore, it is very important to cultivate healthy seedlings. First, the use of anther culture and other techniques to cultivate virus-free parent strains, at the same time 2 to 3 years for a seed; Second, disease-free seedlings, and disease-free seedlings; Third, in accordance with the various types of seedlings standards to implement Good nurturing measures, pay attention to the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests.
Fourth, strengthen the cultivation and management
Strengthen the management of strawberry cultivation, can effectively inhibit the occurrence of pests and diseases, specifically the following measures: the application of high-quality base fertilizer, promote the robust development of strawberries; use of sorghum planting, improve ventilation and light conditions; master reasonable planting, reduce the humidity between the strawberry plant; mulching , Avoid fruit contact with soil; prevent high temperature and humidity, to create a good growth environment; avoid leggy, improve plant disease resistance; do a good job in the field of health, eliminating the source of pathogen infection.
Fifth, rational use of pesticides
The proper use of the drug during the critical period of strawberry has a rapid and effective effect. Focus on prevention before flowering, especially in the initial period of heat preservation, once every 7 to 10 days, 1 to 3 to 4 consecutive times until flowering.
1. Reasonable selection of pesticides should use timely, low-toxic, low-toxicity pesticides. Prevent and treat grey mold and powdery mildew, use 12% of myclobutanil 2500-3000 times solution or 50% quick-acting wettable powder 1000 times before covering the canopy, cover with 20% speedy smoke agent (a smoke Spirit) 0.2-0.3g/m3 (1 package per shed), dip-point dichlorvos smoked, can cure aphids; with 75% chlorothalonil WP 800 times or 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 800 times Liquid for control of anthrax; control 73% of Kraft EC 1000 times for control of red spiders, use 40% of Locuspen EC 2000 times for control of aphids, 3% of Merrill granules for 2 kg of mixed soil to control underground pests And nematodes. Spraying should avoid strawberry flowering and fruit ripening. In the production of pollution-free strawberries, the pesticides and methods commonly used for pest control are: 50% Suo Keling wettable powder 800-1000 times spray to control gray mold and powdery mildew; 10% Shi Gao water solvent 2000 times spray prevention Powdery mildew; 40% Fuxing WP 6000 times spray to prevent powdery mildew; 20% Super-Balyan Smoke (a smoked spirit) 0.2-0.3 g/m3 Smoke Control Blight mold, powdery mildew; 75% chlorothalonil Wettable powder 800 times spray to prevent anthrax; 50% carbendazim WP 500 to 600 times spray to control powdery mildew; 5% Sitao 2000 to 2500 times spray to prevent Spodoptera litura; 73% Creutz Emulsion 1000 times spray to control aphids and spider mites; 47% of Loxan emulsion 1000 times spray to control aphids; 0.6% Qi aein emulsion 3000 to 5000 times spray to control spider mites, aphids, root-knot nematodes; Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis ) Emulsion 500 to 800 times spray control cabbage caterpillar, Spodoptera litura.
2. Apply pesticides to prevent and control pests and diseases mainly caused by spider mites, powdery mildew, and gray mold in the initial stage of shelters in a timely manner by using a combination of spraying and smoking; minimizing the use of pesticides after fruit collection starts; spring temperature rises. After that, we must pay attention to the hazards of red spider, flower thrips and other pests, and timely spraying and prevention, so as not to affect plant growth and fruit damage, reduce production and quality.
3. Reasonable use of aerosols The prevention and control of aerosols with a broad-spectrum bactericidal and insecticidal effect can significantly increase control efficiency and reduce pesticide residues. It can also improve the microclimate in the shed and reduce malformation. At present, the types of aerosols sold on the market are mainly fungicides, and there are few insecticides. There are 20% of fast-smoke smoke agents (a smoked spirit), 45% of chlorothalonil smoke agents, and 10% of fast smoke agents. There are two points to note when using aerosols in production: First, rational application of the drug. Before the onset or at the beginning of the disease, the spots were evenly distributed. In the evening, the smoke was from the inside to the outside, and immediately after the cigarette was smoked, the shed was closed and used for 3 to 4 times. The interval between the two was 7 to 10 days. The second is safe drug use. In greenhouses with beehives, use mud to seal the beehive outlet before use to prevent bees from inhaling aerosol poisoning. After igniting the aerosol, the person must exit the greenhouse in time and enter the shed after being ventilated the next day. The fruit was stopped 7 to 10 days before picking fresh strawberries.
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