Short-term illumination, especially persistent darkness, inhibits reproductive system development and delays sexual maturity. This effect works through the pineal gland. After the retina feels light stimulation, it regulates the activity of the nerves that dominate the pineal gland. These nerves release a transmitter and control the formation of 5-hydroxy-indole-o-methyl transfer in the pineal gland. The enzyme, which controls the synthesis of melatonin (MLT). MLT is mainly synthesized in the dark, it can inhibit pituitary synthesis and release of gonadotropins.
First, the impact of light on rabbits
1. Effect of light on sexual maturity. Short-term illumination, especially persistent darkness, inhibits reproductive system development and delays sexual maturity. This effect works through the pineal gland. After the retina feels light stimulation, it regulates the activity of the nerves that dominate the pineal gland. These nerves release a transmitter and control the formation of 5-hydroxy-indole-o-methyl transfer in the pineal gland. The enzyme, which controls the synthesis of melatonin (MLT). MLT is mainly synthesized in the dark, it can inhibit pituitary synthesis and release of gonadotropins; prolonged light can reduce the production of MLT, reduce its inhibition of gonadotropin secretion, thus affecting reproductive function. It was found in the production that the spring-born puppies were exposed to prolonged sunshine after birth and that their sexual maturity was 1 to 2 weeks earlier than that of the pups born in the autumn.
2. Effect of light on reproduction. According to research conducted by the French National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, light in the rabbit house is 14 to 16 hours per day, and light is not less than 4 watts per square meter, which is conducive to the normal estrus, pregnancy and childbirth of female rabbits. Male rabbits prefer shorter light hours, which usually take 12 to 14 hours. Continuous light for more than 16 hours will cause weight loss and sperm count reduction in male rabbits, affecting breeding ability. According to information, at 20-24°C and in full darkness, 1 watt of light per square meter is supplemented with light for 2 hours. Although the female rabbit has certain fertility, the conception rate is very low, and the fertility rate of one breeding is only 30. % or so; if the light is increased to 15 watts per square meter and the light is 12 hours, the fertility rate of one breeding can reach 50%. Under the same illumination intensity for 16 hours, the female rabbit's fertility rate can reach 65% to 70%, and the survival rate of the pups can also be significantly improved. Therefore, increasing the intensity and time of light can significantly improve the fertility rate of female rabbits and the survival rate of pups.
The effect of light on rabbit reproduction is synergistic with nutrition. The author's study found that in the winter of short days (10 to 12 hours of sunshine time), the female rabbit is in a long period of lassitude, and the normal estrous female is less than 20%. When the increase of the illumination time reaches 14 to 16 hours a day, the female estrus rate increases to about 60%. The increase in light while increasing nutrition, especially vitamin A and vitamin E supplements, so that they reach 10000 units / kg and 50 mg / kg, female otter heat rate can reach 90%.
3. Effects of light on growth and coat. Light affects both growth and hair production. As light contributes to the development of gonads, it promotes sexual maturity in rabbits. Hyperactivity affects the intake and growth. Therefore, the well-developed France has the ideal effect of low-fat fattening. Light stimulates skin metabolism and helps hair growth.
It was found in production practice that the rabbits raised in outdoor cages were exposed to direct sunlight for a long time, and the coat gradually became dirty, rough and dull. The rex rabbits raised in the room are covered with white, shiny hair. This shows that direct sunlight has a destructive effect on wool fibers.
4. The effect of light on the hair change. Since rabbits have seasonal hair changes twice a year, and seasonal hair changes occur from March to May in spring and from September to October in autumn, the duration of sunshine varies from short to long and from long to short, and all hairs are removed. Change phenomenon. When the length changes from short to long, the shaggy hair begins to grow, and when it grows shorter, it begins to grow winter hair. In the practice of rabbit breeding, the law of light and coat is successfully used, and the light time is gradually reduced in the summer, which can promote the growth of winter hair and mature the coat in advance.
5. The impact of light on the other. There is a certain connection between light and temperature and humidity. Adequate light can keep the rabbit house dry and is not conducive to the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria. The dark environment is often damp and contaminated, and parasitic diseases are prone to occur. Therefore, proper lighting is beneficial for disease prevention. Some diseases, especially parasitic diseases (such as rickets) and fungal diseases (such as dermatomycoses, especially microspore fungal skin diseases), are directly related to the light, humidity, and temperature in the rabbit house. Insufficient light, high humidity, and high temperatures contribute to the occurrence and spread of these diseases.
Second, the lighting control
According to the existing research results, different lighting systems are adopted for rabbits in different physiological stages, and lighting programs are reasonably designed according to the local conditions in different seasons and regions.
Rabbits in China mostly rely on natural lighting, supplemented by artificial lighting. For example, in a certain area, the winter illumination time is 11 hours, while the breeding of female rabbits takes 16 hours, and the difference between the two is 5 hours. Then, artificial supplement for 5 hours. You can take early compensation (5 hours before sunrise) or late supplement (5 hours after sunset), or you can supplement it sooner or later (that is, before sunrise and after sunset). For the season with long illumination time, the lighting time needs to be shortened, but at present most of the rabbit farms in China do not take measures. Curtain black cloth can be set to control lighting, especially for fattening rabbits.
In a fully enclosed rabbit house, the application of programmed light control provides satisfactory results. The rabbit house is equipped with a lighting program controller. The instrument core is assembled from a computer chip. The program can be freely set. The switch gradually fades to 30 minutes, simulating natural sunlight and no stress on the rabbit population.
In production, many rabbit farms (households) do not know the relationship between light and rabbits. Most of them use natural light. They should be shortened without shortening (such as fattening rabbits), but they should be extended without extending the light (such as winter Reproduction of female rabbits, causing some loss of production. Scale-raising rabbits is the direction of the development of the rabbit industry in China, and artificial control of light is even more important. In-depth study of the impact of light on rabbits, the flexible use of these laws, no doubt, will improve the production performance of rabbits will play a catalytic role.
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