October 24 was frost, and this solar term brought everyone a breath of early winter. Frostfall is in the transitional period between autumn and winter. With the arrival of frost, the weather changes a lot and gradually becomes colder and begins to fall frost. In the north of the Yellow River, the leaves of grasses and trees are littered and the locusts hang down in the hole to enter hibernation. The climate in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and in the south of the Yangtze River is still mild during the frost period. The average temperature is mostly around 16°C. Tian Chui is lush and orange. Green orange, autumn chrysanthemum, hibiscus bloom.
Frost is also an important farming period, and there are many farming sites around the country that are involved in this solar term. In Hunan, “October dew cream fell to October, and late rice was harvested to bring the potato to the shaver.†In Jiangsu, there is “cold bloom without green rice, and the frost falls down in one fell swoopâ€. In Anhui, there is a “cold dew harvesting cut, and the frost falls to the groundâ€. Explain that the frost and solar season is the time when the big autumn crops are finally harvested.
After the frost had fallen, farmland soil in the vast northern regions of the country was already planted, and some of the farmland would be in winter time. How are these farmland soils managed? There are currently two approaches and this will have two effects. The first is the combination of land use and land management. After the big fall, the artificial enhanced land-cultivation method is used to promote the material circulation of farmland in multiple ways. In the gap between the land use, it is timely to recover and improve the soil strength, so that the soil environment is stable, and finally the soil fertility and productivity of the farmland. Improve and improve. Secondly, on the contrary, unsuitable use of soil and no favorable tillage and fertilization measures resulted in heavy soil pollution, the development of secondary salinization, and continuous degradation of soil fertility, which reduced the fertility and production capacity of farmland soil. To this end, we must promote the first concept and practice, and specifically introduce the following two technologies that combine basic soil cultivation with organic fertilizer:
Deep plowing is performed on farmland harvested from autumn crops such as soybeans, cotton, and sweet potatoes. This kind of basic soil cultivation has a large effect and long duration. It is different from the topsoil cultivation during crop growth. Its role is small and its duration is short. Plowing is the practice of plowing deep soil through plowshares and other agricultural implements. It can change the physical structure of the soil, affect the soil moisture distribution, and regulate the ratio of water, fertilizer, gas, and heat. As crops are harvested with tight soil and a large proportion of solids, ploughing can improve the structure of the plough layer and establish a plough structure suitable for crop growth. The performance of improving soil aeration is conducive to seed germination, reducing crop root growth resistance and enhancing root vigor; after ploughing, the soil is conducive to water storage and conservation, storing rainfall water, keeping earth in the earth, reducing evaporation, runoff and leakage. The role of soil as a "small reservoir" will be enhanced to increase the ability of farmland to resist drought in the spring; ploughing turns the soil of the lower layer to the surface, and uses the natural force of dryness, humidity and freeze-thawing to ripen the thickness of the soil; simultaneously ploughing Turning can bury the wreckage, combined with deep application of organic fertilizer, so that the soil and fertilizer blend, and gradually increase soil fertility. Especially for soils with viscous texture or adhesion layer, ploughing and applying organic fertilizer can significantly improve the structure, which is conducive to the growth of crops; for long-term flooded farmland, poor soil physical properties, ploughing can improve long-term flooding The formed latent layer promotes oxidation, reduces the accumulation of reducing harmful substances, and contributes to the health of the soil.
Soil ploughing should be combined with the application of organic fertilizer in the whole layer. The organic matter content of agricultural soil in the country is generally not high, and we must pay attention to the rational application of organic fertilizer. In addition to providing adequate amounts of inorganic and organic nutrients, organic fertilizers release their decomposed products to renew humus, form microaggregates, improve soil properties, and increase soil fertility. The soil micro-aggregates have greater absorption and storage capacity, release capacity, and transformation capacity for themselves and the applied water and nutrients, and also have a large buffer capacity. The soil has suitable micro-aggregates for regulating the water and fertilizer in the soil. Gas, heat, and cushioning all play an important role. The application of organic fertilizer can also enhance the activity of soil enzymes, increase the activity of soil enzymes, and increase soil fertility.
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