Scientists in China have recently completed the complete "genuine map" of rice and conducted related research. The relevant results were published in the international journal "PLoS Biology" (Physics Public Library - Biology Album), 2005, Vol. 3, No. 2. Experts believe that the completion of the “fine map†of the rice genome will allow scientists to study the differences among various rice subspecies and explore the mechanism of hybrid superiority at a new level, laying the foundation for comparative genomics and evolution studies of Gramineae plants. Rice is an important food crop and a model organism for grasses. In 2000, the Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences initiated the "Hybrid Rice Genome Project" in China to reveal the molecular mechanism of hybrid superiority and provide a theoretical basis for the high yield and selection of crops. In 2002, the “framework†of the Chinese hybrid rice genome work was published in the form of a cover article in the “Science†volume 296, volume 5565. In recent years, scientists from the Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, have conducted further tests to search for 97.7% of rice genes in the genomes of two rice subspecies, indica and japonica. After correcting the error, scientists estimate that the number of rice genes is between 38,000 and 40,000, of which only 2% to 3% are unique to two rice subspecies, that is, the genetic differences between the two rice subspecies are very different. small. Compared with the 2002 rice genome work frame map, the "fine map" has higher work efficiency and data quality. The researchers also analyzed the history of rice genome replication and found 18 pairs of apparently duplicated fragments, covering 65.7% of the genome sequence. Of these, 17 pairs of replication occurred before the differentiation of Gramineae plants. More importantly, the ongoing replication of individual genes provides an infinite source of raw material for the gene's origin, which is the main reason for the difference between the “family†of grass families. In 2005, the Beijing Institute of Genomics will also complete the assembly and analysis of the entire genome sequence of the hybrid rice parent Pei'ai 64 (the main genetic background is indica rice, indica rice and Java rice inflow), and then found that the hybrid gene is The distribution of offspring and changes in physiological traits reveals the causes of the hybrid advantage of hybrid rice. Full-genome fine maps of two rice subspecies japonica rice and japonica rice assembled using whole-genome shotguns have higher work efficiency and data quality than the 2002 work frame. With 19,079 full-length cDNA assays, 97.7% of the genes were completely searched in both genomes. After correcting the genetic prediction error by EST data, the estimated number of rice genes is 38,000 to 40,000, of which only 2-3% of the genes are unique to two rice subspecies. Although the two rice subspecies differ very little in gene, they vary greatly in intergenic regions. The study also analyzed the history of rice genome replication and found 18 pairs of apparently duplicated fragments, covering 65.7% of the genome sequence. Of these, 17 pairs of replication occurred before the differentiation of Gramineae plants. More importantly, the ongoing replication of a single gene provides an infinite source of raw material for the gene's origin, which is the main reason for the differences between the family of Gramineae. The Beijing Genomics Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences launched the Chinese "Hybrid Rice Genome Project" in 2000. It is a hybrid rice variety "Liangyoupeijiu" cultivated by the famous rice breeder Yuan Longping as the basic research object. Its purpose is to reveal the molecular mechanism of hybrid superiority. The high yield and selection of crops provide the theoretical basis. At present, the complete genome sequence of the male "93-11" (japonica rice) was compared with that of another japonica rice variety "Nipponbare". It is reported that this year the Beijing Genomics Institute will also complete the assembly and analysis of the entire genome sequence of the hybrid rice parent Pei'ai 64 (the main genetic background is indica rice and introgression of indica rice and Java rice), and then discover that the hybrid gene is The distribution of the generation (called the F1 generation) and changes in physiological traits, thus revealing the causes of the hybrid superiority of hybrid rice. Rice is an important food crop. The successful cultivation of hybrid rice has made a fundamental contribution to China's grain production. Completion of whole genome sequence maps of two rice subspecies, indica and japonica, has allowed us to study the differences among various rice subspecies. It lays a solid foundation for exploring the mechanism of hybrid superiority at a new level. Rice is a model organism of Gramineae. Through studying the whole genome of rice, it provides a blueprint for studying Gramineae and lays the foundation for comparative genomics and evolution studies of Gramineae. (Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
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