Cultivation of bio-pesticide raw material pyrethrum

First, the cultivation technology points: 1. Site preparation site: should choose cool, dry, ventilated, loose soil, neutral or slightly alkaline soil cultivation. Generally, hilly areas and plains can be planted in low hills and cultivated in provinces such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shandong. However, mountainous areas with heavy acidic soils such as Fuyang, Enshi and southeastern Hubei are not suitable for planting in areas with excessively sticky or low dust. Planting shall be conducted in a timely manner after the autumn crops are harvested. The cultivating depth shall be about 0.33 meters, and the width shall be 1-1.33 meters and the width 0.33 meters. For every 667 square meters (1 mu), apply 50-70 kilograms of compound fertilizer as a base fertilizer, and soak it evenly. 2. Seedlings: Spring sowing pyrethrum, can not be flowering that year, winter sowing can not bloom until the third year of spring, autumn sowing can be the second year of flowering, so the autumn broadcast is better. Autumn sowing is the key to shorten the production cycle and increase economic efficiency. Specific sowing time: spring broadcast 2-4 months, autumn broadcast 8-11 months. One week prior to sowing, the seeds were immersed in water for 5-6 hours until the water began to accumulate. After germination for 5-6 days, approximately 20% of the seeds were germinated with appropriate amount of fine soil, mixed and sowed, and then sowed with a layer of mud. Ash, lightly pressed with a wooden board, covered with straw, often sprinkle water, keep the ground moist, nursery needs to scaffold in the dry season, covered during the day, uncovered at night. Seedlings used for seedlings are 50 grams per 667 square meters, which can be transplanted to 1.33 hectares (20 acres), generally after 15 days. 3. Transplanting: The seedlings can be transplanted at a height of 6.6 to 10 cm. The transplanting should be intensively cultivated and the base fertilizer applied. Before transplanting, the seedbed will be leached with water, and the seedlings will have more soil and will be easy to survive. When planting, open the hole by 0.33-0.5m spacing, apply superphosphate and coke ash (grasswood ash can also be used), plant 1 plant per hole, cover the soil should not be too thick, in order to facilitate the growth of axillary buds, the first year after the planting of pyrethrum The output is slightly lower. The second, third and fourth year are peak production years. After the fifth year, the output declines and needs to be updated. In addition to sowing methods, renewal method can also be adopted, that is, in the rainy days between September and October, the mother plants are divided into 4-5 strains and planted by one plant per hole. It is also possible to adopt the cutting method, that is, in the March-April period, select the mother plant that has grown for 2-3 years, cut the stem, insert it into the soil, cover the straw, and water it often until the roots survive. 4. Fertilization: Apply manure once or twice a day after transplanting, apply it once every other half a month, and apply 1,000 kilograms per 667 square meters, prompting rapid growth. After the fertilization three times a year, small amounts of snow should be applied before the application of sufficient fertilizer, per 667 square meters of calcium phosphate 20 kg, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 15 kg, mud (grasswood ash, soil miscellaneous fertilizer) 1000 kg. After the beginning of spring, apply a pumping manure, apply 1500 kilograms of livestock manure water per 667 square meters, and use 100 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 500 grams of urea, 50 kilograms of water, and apply it under a spot of 6.6 centimeters from the root. Roots. After the flower is harvested, it is necessary to apply another fertilizer. 5. Loose soil and intercropping: After loosening and transplanting, the soil should be loosened once. Afterwards, weeding is performed once every year in the 3rd, 4th and 7th of July and in the winter. The old stem should be cut 3.3 centimeters from the ground before loosening in July. In the first and second years, the area of ​​empty plots planted with pyrethrum can be intercropped with maize and other crops to increase the multiple cropping index. 6. Pest Control: Pyrethrum has no insect pests and fewer diseases. High temperature, high humidity, or excessive fertilization may cause rust and sclerotia. Once a disease occurs, the diseased plant can be removed and disinfected with 50% thiophanate powder or lime powder. 7. Defloration: From May to June, when the lingual corolla is not yet fully developed and the corolla is gradually developed, the content of effective insecticidal components in flowers is the highest, which is the most suitable time for harvesting. Pyrethrum flowers are generally opened in more than 10 days, so they should choose sunny harvest. The flowering period is a small full-to-mountain crop, and it must be harvested in batches according to the openness of flowers. When picking, pick it up with no flowers. Dried in time after harvest, in case of rain can be used 55-60 °C temperature drying or air drying, so that the moisture content dropped to 6% -12%. The whole plant was harvested in summer and autumn and dried for use. The insecticidal components contained in the insect chrysanthemums are prone to hydrolysis failure and therefore must be fully dried and protected from light and moisture. Generally resistant to long-term storage, such as storage for one year, the effectiveness of insecticide is reduced by half. Second, the economic analysis: Pyrethrum a planting can be continuously harvested more than 7 years, the general production of flower peak year, 667 square meters of production of more than 100 kilograms of flowers, stems and leaves 300-500 kilograms, income in 2000-3000 yuan. Pyrethrum is easy to cultivate and manage, low in cost and high in revenue, but large-scale development can only be implemented after signing contracts with the relevant pesticide plants, mosquito-repellent incense plants and acquisition departments.

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[Attention]
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