The white-spotted fish, known for its rapid growth, firm and stable flesh, and delicious flavor, is highly favored by consumers. It commands an average price of RMB 80 per kilogram in dry form, and there is currently a shortage in the market. Beyond being a valuable food source, this species also has strong ornamental value, and in Central Asian countries, it has long been called "soft gold." Over the past few years, as living standards have improved and economic fish species like the white-spotted pike have gained more attention in Xinjiang, fish farming of this species has become increasingly popular.
From 2007 to 2008, we conducted pond breeding trials in Dinggou Village, Tashan Town, and achieved significant economic returns. Below is a detailed summary of the methods and results.
**First, Materials and Methods**
1. **Pond Preparation**: The ponds should be between 5 to 8 acres in size and 2 meters deep. They must have a reliable water supply, good drainage, and irrigation systems. Using groundwater is ideal, as it helps regulate water temperature during hot seasons. Floating plants like water lilies should be placed on the surface, and aquatic plants such as cedar seedlings can be added to provide shelter, reducing aggression among the fish.
2. **Seedling Stocking**: Before stocking the white-spotted fish fry, enough bait fish must be prepared. When the fish reach about 5 cm in length, they can begin feeding on bait fish for approximately six days. This process usually starts in the original pond, where disinfection is done before releasing the fry, followed by fertilization to cultivate bait fish. Once these bait fish grow to around 5–6 days old and reach 5 cm in length, they are introduced to the white-spotted fish fry.
- **Bait Fish**: Stock 200,000 to 300,000 water fleas (such as daphnia, cyclops, and rotifers) per acre. The size of the bait fish should be about one-third to half the size of the white-spotted fish.
- **Stocking Density**: 1,000 fish per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) for those over 5 cm in length.
- **Stocking Time**: From April to May, when water temperatures rise above 15°C.
3. **Daily Management**:
- **Feeding**: Initially, feed 10–15 times a week. After reaching 13–15 cm, reduce to every 15–20 days. As the fish grow, increase both the quantity and frequency of feeding. During summer, stop feeding during high-temperature periods and resume once a month. Use grading screens to separate fish and avoid damage. After grading, treat the water with 3 grams of disinfectant per cubic meter.
- **Water Quality Control**: Keep the water level at 1.5 meters initially, gradually increasing to 2 meters as fish grow and temperatures rise. In summer, inject groundwater daily to keep the temperature below 28°C. Use photosynthetic bacteria and micro-zeolite preparations every 15 days at a rate of 2.5 kg per mu. Add biological fertilizers, EM liquid, and sediment improvers as needed to maintain "fat, live, tender, cool" water conditions with dissolved oxygen above 5 mg/L.
- **Disease Prevention**: The white-spotted fish has a strong resistance to disease. If bacterial gill disease occurs, apply 0.3 mg/L of super chlorine or 0.3 mg/L of terpene, spraying the entire pond twice daily for two days. Regularly use 15–20 kg of quicklime per mu for disinfection. During the high-temperature season, disinfect nets with 0.2 mg/L of chlorine dioxide and keep the water cool.
- **Overwintering**: Since the fish continue to grow slowly during winter, it's important to stock enough bait fish in the wintering pond to prevent cannibalism among the fish, which significantly improves survival rates.
**Second, Results**
In 2007, we stocked 5,000 large-sized white-spotted fish (about 5 cm), resulting in a harvest of 1,580 kg of commercial fish, with an average weight of 0.6 kg per fish. Total output was 121,000 yuan, with a survival rate of 52.6%.
In 2008, 70 acres were used for cultivation, with 97,000 fish stocked. A total of 25,724 kg of fish were sold, averaging 0.85 kg per fish, with a survival rate of 31.2%.
**Third, Summary**
1. Water temperature plays a critical role in survival rate, cost, and growth cycle. When the temperature exceeds 24°C, fish become more active and prone to aggression. To manage this, raise the water level or build shade structures to keep the environment cooler.
2. White-spotted fish are sensitive to low dissolved oxygen levels. Therefore, adjust stocking density and regularly use probiotics like photosynthetic bacteria to maintain water quality. Avoid excessive fertilization and ensure regular water exchange to maintain high oxygen levels.
3. These predatory fish primarily feed on small carp, silver carp, and wild fish. Always check and disinfect bait fish before feeding using 3–5% saltwater to prevent disease transmission. Feed them fish that are about one-third their body length, with a daily intake of approximately 5 grams of bait fish per fish.
4. During transportation, avoid sudden temperature changes to prevent stress and fighting. Ensure proper grading and stocking density to reduce mortality after return to the pond.
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