1 Timely medication is the key to rational drug use. According to the different types of pests and diseases of vegetables, first select the applicable pesticide species, and then consider the optimal period of application. 1.1 According to the different characteristics of each growth period of pests, pesticides are used in a timely manner. With the increase of worm age, the resistance of the vegetables is also increased again and again. The best period of application of pesticides should be before the larvae 3rd instar; for borers, such as cotton bollworm, borer, spotted fly, onion thrips and other pests, the appropriate period of application should be at the peak of egg hatching; adult stage Sex attractant can be used to kill, the effect is obvious. 1.2 According to different climates to choose the best period of application of pesticides, the control effect of many pesticides is closely related to the level of temperature, such as trichlorfon, dimethoate, phoxim, etc., its control effect in a certain temperature range increases with the increase of temperature Therefore, such pesticides are used when the temperature is high; pyrethroid insecticides such as kungfu, flumethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, etc., have better control effects at lower temperatures. Therefore, pesticides of this type should be used in the morning and early evening; insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and growth regulators with endotracheal function are weak in the field, low in temperature, and the relative humidity of the air begins to rise. , The agent is less volatile, most of them can be absorbed by plants, and the control effect is better. Therefore, such pesticides should be used in the afternoon or evening. Microbial insecticides are better for light and humidity, and should be used when there is more fog or dew. 1.3 According to the characteristics of different damage hazards of vegetable diseases, choose the best period of use of fungicides should be the prevention and treatment of drugs before the heaviest damage to the disease, heavy output loss. When applying a protective bactericide, the drug should be applied before the bacterium infects the crop. Such as vegetable virus disease, after the onset of disease control is more difficult, it is best to prevent medication before the onset of disease. 1.4 According to the effect of cultivation and management after medication, when choosing the best time for winter greenhouse production, in order to maintain the temperature of the greenhouse and reduce the air humidity, medication should be taken in the morning or at noon on sunny days; after the application, it is easy to release air and remove moisture; Avoid using drugs before rain and prevent rain from diluting the liquid. 2 Appropriate use of drugs At present, pesticides produced in China or imported from abroad are mainly based on emulsifiable concentrates; fungicides and herbicides are mainly based on WP. Therefore, the current spraying method in China is mainly spraying, followed by seed dressing, dusting, dusting, and poisoning soil. Different application methods can be selected according to different situations. 2.1 Prevention of underground pests Soil insect pests can be used for seed dressing, bait, toxic soil, irrigation, soil treatment and other methods. 2.2 Control seed Seeds can be used to treat seed, soak in warm soup and so on. 2.3 Drugs used in the production of protected lands The commonly used methods of spraying are spraying and igniting aerosols. The smog method is better than the spray method. The smog method has the advantages of convenient use, uniform application, good quick effect, timely prevention and control, high utilization rate, and no increase of air humidity. 2.4 Different pests have different hazard characteristics. The medication sites are also different from those of vegetables such as downy mildew, gray mold, epidemic disease, powdery mildew, head blight, black mold, penicillosis, and rust. Spraying should focus on spraying. On the back of leaves; anthracnose, ringworm, leaf blight, leaf rot and spot disease, etc., should be applied to the front of the spray. 2.5 Try to enhance the control effect of pesticides If you add 0.30% of salt in pesticides, adding appropriate amount of copper in the avermectin series of pesticides can enhance the penetration ability of pesticides and kill more powerfully. Adding 0.5% sucrose to matrine increases the adhesion of ginseng, which is more beneficial to the elimination of whitefly. China Agricultural Network Editor
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