Pesticides are important agricultural production materials. The scientific use of pesticides to prevent crop diseases, weeds and weeds is one of the important means for ensuring high quality, high yield, and high efficiency in agricultural production. However, due to the fact that most of our country's rural areas are mostly households that use pesticides dispersedly, the use of pesticides in medical equipment and their use technologies are very backward, and they cannot be used scientifically. This has resulted in a large amount of waste of pesticides, as well as human and livestock poisoning, crop injury, and resistance. The occurrence of a series of problems such as sexuality, decreased control efficiency, and environmental pollution caused great losses to agricultural production and people's lives.
After many years of research, scientists in our country have created the "pesticide target spray" theory and application of new technologies. Practice has proved that this new technology can increase the effective precipitation rate of pesticides on crops from about 30% of the original application methods to more than 60%, reduce the amount of pesticides entering the environment by 1/2, save 50% to 90% of pesticides, and save About 90% of water. Several advanced techniques for application of pesticides are described below:
Low-volume spray technology means that the pesticide solution is diluted with water and its water consumption is equivalent to 1/5 to 1/10 of the conventional spray technology when the application amount does not change. This technology is very simple, simply replace the large-aperture jet of a conventional spray tool with a small-aperture jet with an aperture of 0.3 mm. The technology can greatly improve the operating efficiency, reduce the loss of pesticides, save a lot of water, improve the control effect, and effectively overcome the wet hazard caused by conventional spray to the greenhouse. This technology is particularly suitable for applications in greenhouses and water shortages.
Electrostatic spray technology installs high-voltage static electricity generating devices on the spray equipment and operates through the high-voltage static electricity generating device. This greatly increases the amount of liquid sprayed on the surface of crop leaves, and the effective utilization rate of pesticides reaches 90%. In order to avoid a large number of pesticides ineffectively enter farmland soil and atmospheric environment.
"Pelleted" application technique This technique is suitable for paddy fields. For water-soluble pesticides used in paddy fields, “pilling†pesticide application techniques are effective. Just spread the processed pills evenly on the farmland, which can improve the work efficiency by more than ten times compared with the conventional application method, and there is no pesticide drift phenomenon, effectively preventing crop stems and leaves from suffering phytotoxicity, and does not pollute the neighboring crop.
The recirculation spray technique redesigned the conventional sprayer and a drug return device was installed on the opposite side of the sprayer. The liquid that has not been deposited on the target plant is collected and then pumped back into the medicine box so that the pesticide can be recycled, which can greatly increase the effective utilization rate of the pesticide and avoid the loss of the pesticide.
Roller coating technology This technology is mainly applied to systemic herbicides. The liquid medicine passes through the medicine roll (made of a foam material that can absorb the liquid medicine) and exudes from the surface of the medicine roll. The medicine roll only needs to contact the leaves of the upper part of the weeds to be effective. This application method can almost completely apply the pesticide on the surface of the target plant, and does not cause liquid spillage or dripping. The utilization rate of pesticide can reach 100%.
Electronic computer application technology This technology has been promoted in the United States and other developed countries. It uses an electronic computer control system on an orchard sprayer that uses ultrasonic sensors to determine the shape of fruit trees so that pesticide spray characteristics are automatically adjusted based on changes in the shape of the fruit tree. Electronic computer control systems are used for pesticide application, which can greatly improve the operating efficiency and the effective utilization of pesticides. The emergence of this new technology represents the development direction of pesticide use technology. In some of our country's scientific research units have been adopted, the application effect is very good.
The above several new application techniques not only have good control effect, high work efficiency, greatly reduce the amount of pesticides used, but also protect the ecological environment, show great economic, ecological and social benefits, and have broad application prospects, and are worthy of local conditions. Promote.
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