Highly-efficient Cultivation Techniques in Protected Areas of Tea Garden

Tea plantation cultivation under plastic greenhouses is a specialized method of growing tea that involves protecting the tea plants from natural weather conditions. These protected tea gardens require high-quality tea varieties with strong growth, dense branches, and over 90% coverage. The terrain should be sunny, sheltered from wind, and located on elevated ground. This technique significantly enhances the quality of famous teas, improves yield, and boosts economic returns. It has developed rapidly in recent years, with key management practices as follows. During the non-covering period (from mid-April to mid-December), proper care is essential to ensure healthy plant growth and better tea quality. Tea trees not covered by greenhouses should be harvested less or not at all, while nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers must be applied in balanced proportions to strengthen the tree's resistance to pests and diseases. Watering is crucial during dry seasons, especially after fertilization, to aid nutrient absorption and prevent root damage. Greenhouse tea gardens should delay pruning until after the spring harvest, keeping the tree height around 80 cm. Before covering, light trimming helps improve air circulation and light penetration, promoting better growth and higher quality. Deep pruning is typically done every 2–3 years, while more intensive pruning occurs every 5–8 years to rejuvenate the tree. Avoid deep pruning in autumn and winter to protect early spring buds. Pests such as aphids, leafhoppers, whiteflies, moths, and tea caterpillars are common during this time. Biological pesticides like Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) and Chlorella 6 can control lepidopteran pests, while Liu Yangmycin is effective against other damages. For whiteflies, a 10% Uranus oil solution diluted 4000 times is recommended. For diseases like tea leaf blight and round spot disease, antibiotics such as Jinggangmycin and fungicides like chlorothalonil or carbendazim are used. During the greenhouse covering period (mid-December to mid-April), environmental control is critical. The ideal temperature for tea growth is between 17°C and 25°C, with a maximum of 34°C. Temperatures below 10°C can hinder growth. During sunny days, temperatures may rise above 30°C, requiring ventilation to cool down. At night, insulation is necessary, especially during cold or windy weather. If temperatures drop below 10°C, heat sources like fire pits should be used carefully to avoid smoke damage. Daily ventilation is essential to maintain proper gas exchange, opening vents in the morning and closing them in the afternoon when temperatures are above 8°C. Soil moisture should be maintained between 70% and 80%. Watering is usually done once before covering and then every 5–20 days depending on soil conditions. Base fertilizer, rich in organic matter and special tea nutrients, should be applied before covering. Early bud fertilizer is also important to promote spring growth, applied in mid-January. Foliar sprays with multi-nutrient solutions help prevent deficiencies. Carbon dioxide enrichment is another key practice, especially during sunny days when photosynthesis is most active. Using CO₂ gas bags or dedicated generators ensures optimal carbon levels, improving tea quality and plant health.

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