With the development of special aquaculture products such as Astragalus and spiny-breasted frogs (stone frogs), the demand for bait and fresh live bait has increased in the farms, and the area for supporting cultured alfalfa has also continued to expand. However, some farms do not have enough technology for breeding. Off, the breeding effect is not ideal, especially in the summer hot season, the yield of alfalfa is not high. In recent years, we have carried out large-scale shed cultivation in Yiwu and the school, and achieved a good breeding effect. In the whole year, we can produce about 5kg per square meter. Now we will summarize the relevant techniques for aquaculture in greenhouses for reference throughout the culture.
1 Biological characteristics
1.1 Morphological characteristics: The oligochaetes of the Annelidae are classified into terrestrial aphids and aquatic acarids due to their different living environments. At present, there are more than 2,700 species of earthworms known in the world, and there are more than 160 species of earthworms in China. However, there are not many types of earthworms that can be cultivated. Terrestrial grasshoppers are mainly Eisenia foetida Savigny of the genus Euphorbiaceae. , commonly known as red dragonfly, is widely distributed in our country. The "Daping II" imported from Japan at the end of the 1970s is also of this species. It is generally 50-90mm in length, 3-5mm in body width, and 0.45-1.12g in body weight. Its body color is purple, but it also comes with feed and moisture. Different shades of light vary in depth. This type of cockroach has the advantages of rapid growth and development, high reproduction rate, easy high density feeding, and high yield per unit area, and is the preferred variety for artificial breeding.
1.2 Habits: The genus is a rotivorous animal, afraid of light, afraid of vibration, afraid of high temperatures and cold, likes to inhabit in warm, humid, ventilated, soil rich in organic matter, it is difficult to see in the general arable land, red soil. The temperature of normal activities is 5-35°C, the suitable growth temperature is 18-25°C, and the suitable moisture content for the trampoline bed is 30%-50%. (The water content of the water between the fingers of the trampoline is slightly About 40%), suitable pH is 6-8.
1.3 Aphid breeding: Aphids are hermaphrodites, but they must be bred by allogeneic organisms to breed. Sexually mature ticks (ie, fertility rings) spawn each week after mating, but the frequency of egg production has a lot to do with humidity and temperature. When the temperature is 18-25°C, the humidity is 30%-50%, the ventilation condition is good, usually one egg is laid for 3-5 days; when the temperature is higher than 35°C or lower than 13°C, the number of eggs laid is obviously reduced. The suitable temperature for hatching of eggs is 18-25°C. The hatching time is short, about 20 days, and the hatching rate is high. Each ovary usually contains 2-4 calves, one less, and more than 5-6. The newly hatched cubs are fine and white as a line and reach sexual maturity after 40-50 days of rearing. The peak of nymphal reproduction is about 8 months, and it begins to die after 1-1.5 years.
2 Market construction
蚯蚓 Farming sites should be selected where livestock and poultry excrement is abundant, drainage is convenient, and water is available. Small-scale breeding can make full use of some free space. When the aquaculture area is large, water pipes or automatic sprinklers should be installed. In addition, one or two storage tanks, reservoirs (or deep wells), and excreta are required. Greenhouses for quail farming are similar to vegetable greenhouses. The sheds are generally 5m wide, and the shed length is 30-60m. The walkway is about 0.7m in the middle. If the dump truck is used for feeding, the width is 1m. The walkway is about 0.3m high and the two boring machines on both sides are 2m wide. Ditch the outside of the two trampolines to facilitate drainage.
3 Fermentation of manure
Cow manure is stored and fermented for 5-10 days. It can be used after 1-2 times of turning and mixing. The moisture content is required to be 30% - 40%. Pig manure requires 5%-10% (wet weight) comminuted straw (or other forage) to be uniformly mixed and piled into a stockpile about 1m high for fermentation (water content equals cow dung), taking care to prevent stacking too much, 7- After 10 days, it is turned over and continued to ferment. Generally after 2-3 turnovers, the pig manure can be fermented and matured, showing softness. At this time, it can be used as a manure for raising alfalfa. The quality of the manure fermentation is directly related to the level of production of the rearing mantis and must pay attention to this work.
4 stocking
After the trampoline is completed, put the fermented pig cow dung into the lead-in bed. The stacking height of the fecal material is about 20cm, and leave 20cm on the side of the middle aisle to be reserved for breeding. Before laying stocks, wet the boring bed with water and then put the maggot with manure on the side of pig manure in the trampoline. As for the stocking density, there is no certain requirement. However, avoid storing pig manure in a trampoline and then soaking, so as not to cause loss.
5 Feeding Management
5.1 Timing material addition: When timely material addition means that there is still 20%-30% feed in the boring machine, it is necessary to add decomposed manure immediately after harvesting. The method of adding the manure mainly adopts the side addition method and the above strip addition method. In the hot summer season, pig manure can be poured into a paste-like fermentation in a lagoon and then poured directly onto the manure material in a strip form. If you do not add or feed water for a long time, it will cause the carcass to shrink. If you cannot survive, it will dissolve and die.
5.2 Insulation and ventilation: In the hot summer weather, try to sprinkling water once a day in the afternoon. It is advisable for the conditional unit to use deep or low-temperature water, and combine the moistening of the covered straw to sprinkle water once in 3-5 days in spring and autumn. . When watering, it should be even and fine, and the impact of water should be small. In addition, during the hot season in summer, the film around the greenhouse is lifted to facilitate ventilation and cooling.
5.3. Drainage of loose manure: In addition to the loosening of manure during the harvesting process, it is also necessary to loosen the soil once a month depending on the compaction of the manure. Use shovels to loosen the soil and move it lightly. Try to avoid the surface of the eggs from being turned into the bottom of the manure, so as not to affect the hatching rate of the eggs.
5.4 Every summer in July-August high temperature weather, some cooling measures should be taken to strive to reduce the temperature of the manure in the trampoline to less than 30 °C to facilitate normal growth and reproduction. One of the measures taken is to put a shady shade on the roof. In the summer, a blue plastic film is used, which is covered with straw woven curtains or shade nets. The second is to cover a layer of straw in the sheds on the shed. The third is to water and cool the water every afternoon. Do not use very hot rice fields.
5.5 Insulation in winter: Before winter arrives, do a good job of sealing and warming the greenhouse. Cover the straw in the shed on the shed. The conditional unit will cover the straw with a layer of film to try to control the temperature of the urine at least 10-15°C. In order to facilitate the normal growth and reproduction.
5.6 Defecation Removal: When there is too much dejecta on the surface of the manure, the dejecta should be removed in time with the addition of manure and detritus. The specific method is to excavate 15-20cm thickness of manure (including size and ovum) on the bedside and place it on the side of a trampoline or plastic film. Remove the manure from below and remove and transfer the surface manure back to the trampoline.
6 Precautionary
After a few years of feeding, it has been found that there is less disease in the cockroach, mainly because some predators have to be controlled. If the cockroach has a greater harm to cockroaches, it eats eggs first, then eats small cockroaches, and then harvests the cockroaches and harvests. At that time, once it was found it was time to put it to death. In autumn and winter, some birds, when they have nothing to eat in the wild, often come to eat eggs, and there are rats, snakes, and ants.
7 Harvesting
According to the size of the larvae and the production needs, the harvesting pods should be reasonably arranged. The method of recovery is mainly to use a special iron flat thorn small tweezers to loosen the rammer bed faeces, and then hand picked out more manure containing plutonium piled on the plastic film, due to fear of light over 15-20 minutes After the chin gradually moves down until the plastic film, and then gradually scrape off the surface of fecal material back to the gong bed, and finally the rest is clean, this method is relatively simple and practical.
Treatment of bacterial diseases
The drugs for bacterial diseases include antibiotics and synthetic drugs, among which penicillin G, procaine penicillin and penicillin V, macrolides (erythromycin, Medicin, Acetylspiramycin, columnar leukopentin and clavulamycin, azithromycin, etc.) are the main agents for Gram-positive bacteria, and the latter two are Legionella, mycoplasma, mycoplasma, and Chlamydia and other pathogenic microorganisms also have good effects, lincomycin, vancomycin and compound sulfonamide (SMZ TMP, SMZ TMP, sulfadiazine and methoxybenzyl mixture SD TMP). The antibiotics that act on the resistant Staphylococcus aureus are as follows: 1. Those who produce penicillin enzyme Staphylococcus aureus, such as benzimidacillin, cloxacillin, cefothiphene, cefazolin, lincomycin, clindamycin, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, rifampin, phosphomycin, etc; â‘¡ Vancomycin, rifampin, xinnomin and netimixing were used in the treatment of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus.
The main antibacterial drugs that are mainly used in gram negative bacteria include aminoglycosides (kanamycin, gentamicin, amikacin, etc.), semi synthetic penicillins (ampicillin, amoxicillin, carboxybenzillin, piperacillin, etc.), second generation cephalosporins such as cefuroxin, third generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, ceftazidime, ceftazidime, etc Cefoperazone, etc.) and fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, etc.). Aminoglycosides, semi synthetic penicillin (carboxybenzyl, piperacillin, aloxilin, etc.), ceftazidime, cefoperazone, aztreonam, imipenem, are used in clinical practice as the mixture with cilastatin, called tieam, fluoroquinolone, etc.
The drugs that act on anaerobic bacteria include metronidazole, clindamycin, penicillin G (not effective for bacilli), chloramphenicol, piperacillin, Tienam, etc.
The main anti tuberculosis drugs are streptomycin, rifampin, isoniazid, p-aminosalicylic acid, ethambunol, cycloserine, pyrazinamide, ethisonicotinamide or propylthioisonicotinamide.
Prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases:
(1) Various suppurative diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus, such as acute and chronic Mastitis of cattle and sheep, dermatitis of sheep and septicemia of lamb, dermatitis and abortion of pig, traumatic infection, abscess and cellulitis of horse, gangrenous dermatitis, septicemia, arthritis and arthritis of chicken.
(2) Cow and sheep mastitis caused by Streptococcus, pig septicemia, arthritis, piglet meningitis, equine adenosis, traumatic infection and cervicitis.
(3) Corynebacterium caused sheep suppurative caseous lymphadenitis (pseudotuberculosis), equine ulcerative lymphangitis, subcutaneous abscess, bovine glomerulonephritis, mastitis, urinary tract infection in pigs, Clostridium welchii enteritis in pigs.
(4) Erysipelas suis caused by erysipelas suis.
(5) Pasteurellosis of swine, bovine hemorrhagic septicemia, fowl cholera and Pasteurellosis of sheep, horses and rabbits.
(6) Salmonellosis of livestock and poultry caused by Salmonella.
(7) Colibacillosis of various livestock and poultry caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli.
(8) Chronic atrophic rhinitis caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica in pigs.
(9) Mycobacterium tuberculosis in cattle, pigs and chickens.
(10) Abortion and infertility in cattle, sheep and pigs caused by Brucella.
(11) Campylobacter foetus (formerly known as Vibrio foetus) causes abortion and infertility in cattle and sheep.
(12) Colitis caused by Campylobacter coli in pigs and chickens.
Drugs For Bacterial Diseases,Antibiotics For Bacterial Diseases,Synthetic Drugs For Bacterial Diseases
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