In recent years, as people's dietary structure changes, the demand for beef cattle at home and abroad continues to rise. This has resulted in high prices for beef cattle. The development of beef cattle industry has broad prospects for development. In order to increase the production of beef, the shelf beef fattening is An important way.
Cattle farm environmental conditions and protection
1. The cattle farm should be built on a flat, leeward, sunny, and dry place. The cattle site should be higher than the local historical highest flood line, and the groundwater level should be less than 2 meters.
Second, the water quality of cattle farms must meet the "sanitation standards for drinking water", the amount of water should be sufficient, it is best to use deep groundwater.
Third, the barn site to be open and tidy, and convenient transportation. And the main highway to maintain a distance of 500 meters or more.
Fourth, the cowshed should maintain appropriate temperature, humidity, airflow, light and fresh clean air, banned toxic pesticides, sterilization, antiseptic drugs.
Fifth, the treatment of cattle farm sewage and sewerage shall meet the standard.
The choice of shelf cattle
In general, cattle older than 12 months are called shelf cattle. However, only 1 to 2 year-old shelf cattle can produce high-grade beef, and this stage of the cattle growth and development, high feed conversion rate, and good efficiency. The growth of cows aged 3 to 4 years is almost stopped and only some fat can be deposited to improve the meat quality. Therefore, when selecting cattle, we must pay attention to accurately determine the age of cattle. In addition, we must also pay attention to the selection of imported breeds such as Simmental, Charolais, etc., and crossbreds of domestic cattle, with better appearance, short head and wide head, wide back, large size, elastic skin, and a weight of 250-350 kg. , and must undergo strict quarantine and disinfection.
Feeding management points
From the introduction to the slaughter, cattle are generally divided into three stages:
Pre-fattening (also called transitional feeding period). About 15 days or so. The newly introduced shelf cattle, after long-term and long-distance transportation and changes in the environment, generally have a relatively large stress response. There are few foods in the gastrointestinal tract and the water loss in the body is serious. Therefore, first provide clean drinking water and add appropriate amount of artificial salt in water. However, it is advisable to limit the amount of 10-20 kg per head for the first time. After 4 hours it is free to drink. To keep the environment quiet, prevent frightening, let it adapt to the conditions of fattening as soon as possible, and then allow the cattle to freely eat roughage, dry grass is appropriate, and feed 500 grams of concentrate every head per day, and feed after mixing with the roughage, As much as little, it gradually increased to 1.5 kilograms. In addition, the necessary insect repellent and stomachic work was performed at this stage to complete the transitional feeding period.
Medium-term fattening. It takes 45-75 days. At this time, the dry matter intake of the shelf cattle should gradually reach 2.5% of the body weight, the dietary protein level is 12%, and the crude roughage ratio is 45%: 55% to 50%: 50%. If distillers' grains or brewer's grains are used as roughage, the amount of concentrate can be appropriately reduced. Suggested formula for concentrated feed: corn 65%, barley 10%, wheat bran 14%, rapeseed meal 10%, additive 1%, and each additional calf calcium phosphate 100 grams per day, salt 40 grams.
Late fattening. Usually 30 to 80 days. At this time, the amount of dry matter in the cattle diet should be 2.2% to 2.4% of the weight of the cattle, the protein level is 4%, and the ratio of refined roughage is 1:1 to 1.5:1. Recommended formula for precision feed: corn 75%, barley 10%, rapeseed meal 8%, wheat bran 6%, additives 1%. In addition, 80 g of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 40 g of salt were added to each cow.
At the same time, we must strengthen daily feeding and management, keep cow houses clean and sanitary, clean regularly, and regularly disinfect the animals. Never feed cows with moldy feed, drink water cleanly, drink ice in winter water, and strengthen the cow house to keep warm and cold. Do a good job of disease prevention and epidemic prevention. Keep quiet around the barn and minimize stress factors.
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