"With the increase of spring light time, the temperature gradually rises, and the facilities vegetables are currently managed. One is to strengthen the management of winter and spring stubble (overwintering) vegetables in the greenhouse, to do a good job of planting vegetables in early spring, and to manage the vegetable seedlings in greenhouses. And actively make preparations before planting. "Recently, Chang Zongtang, a researcher at the Department of Facilities Agricultural Science and Engineering, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, told reporters during the epidemic that he repeatedly told reporters to pass greenhouse vegetables through the Agricultural Science and Technology News platform. Management technology for the majority of vegetable farmers.
Strengthen the management of winter and spring vegetables in greenhouses in the middle and late stage 1. Light management. With the extension of the light time, the cover time of the insulation blanket (grass curtain) should be adjusted appropriately, and the curtain opening time should be gradually advanced, the curtain cover time should be delayed, and the light exposure time should be prolonged.
2. Temperature management. As the temperature rises, gradually increase the ventilation, and adjust the indoor temperature reasonably according to the temperature requirements of each crop. For example, cucumbers can be managed according to the four-segment temperature change index. The temperature is controlled at 28 ± 2 ° C at 14 o'clock after curtain opening, 22 ± 2 ° C at 14 o'clock curtain, 17 ± 2 ° C at midnight, and 13 ± 2 ° C at midnight. Tomatoes are managed according to three-stage variable temperature indicators. The temperature is controlled at 24 ± 2 ℃ at 8-17 hours, 14 ± 1 ℃ at 17-22 hours, and 10 ± 3 ℃ at 22-8 hours. On rainy days, carry out small rainproof ventilation and intermittent ventilation to dehumidify. Under normal circumstances, gradually increase the ventilation time and increase the ventilation openings.
3. Water and fertilizer management. Winter and spring stubble fruits and vegetables are in the fruitful period, requiring more fertilizer and water, and should be irrigated and fertilized in time to ensure the supply of water and fertilizer and prevent premature aging. When the bottom wind blows, you can also irrigate and fertilize between large rows, and increase the frequency of irrigation. Topdressing can be applied with drip irrigation, water-soluble fertilizer, or water, fertilizer, and foliar spray. Pay attention to the combined use of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers.
4. Plant adjustment. When the cucumber vine is more than 2 meters in height, first remove the old leaves and diseased leaves, and then carry out the vine drop seedlings. Each time you remove the old leaves 3-4, and the vine drops 30 to 40 cm at a time. Go round. Plant height is controlled from 1.7 to 2.1 meters, and functional leaves are maintained at 15 to 20 pieces. An average of 3 leaves leave one melon, malformed melon, too many female flowers are thinned out early, reducing inefficient nutrient consumption.
5, pest control. Greenhouse cucumber and tomato crops, the main diseases that are easy to occur and spread in spring are cucumber downy mildew, tomato late blight, fruit and vegetable gray mold; the main pests are whitefly.
(1) Cucumber downy mildew: the appropriate temperature is 15 ～ 24 ℃, and the humidity is more than 83%. Control methods: Irrigation selection should be carried out in the sunny morning. After irrigation, ventilation should be enhanced to reduce the amount of dew condensation and water film area at night. Variable temperature management, temperature limitation at night, and humidity to limit downy mildew during the day. After the onset of disease, select 72% Kelu 600 times solution, 72.2% Prix 800 times solution, 53% Jin Lei 500 times solution or Yinfali (Flutribacterium. Propadicarb) for foliar spray control. At the same time, 10% chlorothalonil and 10% chlorothalonil aerosol can be applied, and 10% chlorothalonil dust can be sprayed on rainy days.
(2) Late blight of tomato: warm and humid is beneficial to the occurrence and spread of late blight of tomato. Generally, the temperature does not exceed 20 ° C during the day, and the night temperature is not lower than 10 ° C. The longer the relative humidity is maintained at 75% to 100%, the more severe the disease. Ventilation and dehumidification, to prevent cloudy irrigation and flood irrigation, to increase ventilation and dehumidification on the day of irrigation (the specific method is the same as that of downy mildew), to minimize condensation and shorten the condensation time, are the key measures to prevent the disease. After finding the diseased plant in the center, remove the diseased leaves and apply 58% Redomier wettable powder 1/2 + dry fine soil 1/2 to paste the diseased spots on the stem; when the diseased plant reaches 1%, comprehensive spraying control In combination with cultivation measures, 58% Redomier 500-fold solution, 72.2% Plyco 800-fold solution, 64% anti-virus alum 500-fold solution, and 40% episex 250-fold solution can be used for control. In addition, at night, 10% chlorothalonil smoke repellent is applied at 500 g / 667m2 each time, or 10% chlorothalonil dust is sprayed at 1000 g / mu each time.
(3) Fruit and vegetable gray mold: mainly harms tomato, eggplant, cucumber, zucchini and other crops. Insufficient light, low temperature and high humidity, suitable temperature 18 ~ 23 ℃, humidity over 90%, are conducive to disease and epidemic.
Control methods: adjust temperature and humidity to control germ infection. Strengthen cultivation management, apply bottom fertilizer, cultivate strong plants to improve disease resistance. Avoid watering on cloudy days, pay attention to ventilation and dehumidification after watering (the method is the same as that of melon downy mildew), and control irrigation after the disease. It is found that the diseased leaves and fruits are removed in time and concentratedly buried to prevent disease transmission during pruning and dipping.
Actively do a good job in greenhouse early spring vegetable planting. At present, it is the period for greenhouse early spring vegetable planting. Pay attention to the following points:
1. Strengthen refining. In order to improve the stress resistance of seedlings and adapt them to the environment after planting, seedling cultivation is generally started 7 days before planting. Plug seedling cultivation can reduce the amount of water spray, enhance the light, and gradually reduce the night temperature for seedling cultivation. The seedling cultivation is limited to mild wilting.
2, high temperature shack. Half a month before the planting, timely remove the stubble litter in time, apply sufficient organic fertilizer, deepen the depth of 30-40cm, and then close the greenhouse, cover it with heat insulation at night, apply high-temperature shack, and perform high-temperature disinfection for 7-10 days. Before planting, prepare the land finely, disinfect the soil, and ridge according to various crops and cultivation forms. The ridge height is about 20 cm.
3. Timely colonization. Set the planting time according to the weather requirements of the crops on the environment. When the seedlings reach the standard of strong seedlings, such as cucumbers, it can be planted when the ground temperature in the greenhouse is 10cm deep and the temperature is stable above 13 ° C. After planting, it is better to have more than 3 sunny days, which is beneficial to warming and slowing down the seedlings. If the sunlight greenhouse has good thermal insulation performance and high level of cultivation technology, the planting period can be appropriately advanced. Otherwise, the planting period should be appropriately postponed.
4. Promote slow seedlings. Seedlings within 7 days after planting are kept in a closed greenhouse, and generally do not exceed 32 ° C without ventilation to maintain higher temperature and humidity and promote slow seedling. When the leaf color of the seedling's heart leaves becomes light, and there is dew on the edge of the leaf in the morning, choose to irrigate the seedling water on a sunny morning, and the amount of irrigation should be the degree of infiltration of the ridge surface. Shallow hoeing when the hoe is closed, loosen the soil, and start squatting.
Preparing greenhouse vegetables for planting in advance. Spring greenhouse vegetables are generally planted in March. Now the work:
1. Build sheds early. The shed was built or repaired one month before planting. The shed runs north-south and the frame is firm. The high-span ratio is preferably 0.25-0.3. Add 40 mesh insect-proof nets at the vents. Before planting, prepare the land finely and ridge it according to various crops and cultivation forms. The ridge height is about 20 cm. Build sheds early and detain them early to store heat.
2, high temperature shack. Half a month before the planting, timely remove the stubble and litter in time, apply fully rotten organic fertilizer, and perform deep turning. After that, the greenhouse is closed, and the high-temperature shack is sterilized for 10-15 days.
3. Cultivate strong seedlings. Eggplant fruits have been raised to strengthen seedling management. Melon seedlings are cultivated with 50-70 hole trays. Based on the calculation of the planting period of the greenhouse in each place 30 to 35 days in advance, sowing and seedling cultivation. Strengthen the management of seedbeds, cultivate strong seedlings, start seedling cultivation 7 days before planting, improve the resistance of seedlings to adapt to the environment after planting, and to slow down seedlings.
4. Preparation for planting. The shed must be built or repaired early. Fertilize and deepen as soon as possible, prepare the land for ridges and cover the mulch; install maintenance drip irrigation facilities; poor soil conditions can be artificially created, and timely detain the shed to store heat; plan to prepare internal insulation, small shed poles, film materials, etc., waiting for suitable Period colonization. Make full preparations before planting to improve the survival rate of planting.
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