The use of plastic film to cover the construction of greenhouses to cultivate vegetable seedlings is a serious and careful farm work. If the operation is properly managed, it can be used for heat preservation, fertilizer conservation and conservation to promote early maturity, high yield and high quality of vegetables. However, there are occasions when vegetable seedlings are gradually falling, which has reduced the planned planting area.
The choice of plastic greenhouse seedlings, the temperature, light, fertilizer, water and other conditions in the shed are much better than the field cultivation in the field, why is there a situation in which the seedlings in the shed will fall into pieces? According to our interview with farmers' friends at the scene, the first is that the vegetable seeds are not strictly disinfected and spread by themselves; the second is that the soil in the seedbed is not disinfected; the third is that the temperature is low and the rain is too long, and the environment is unfavorable. According to the practical experience of various places, the problem of seedlings of solanaceous and melon vegetables is generally caused by rickets, blight and blight.
The squatting disease occurs mostly before the two true leaves of the seedlings, and the temperature in the shed is the fastest when it is between 15 °C and 16 °C. At the beginning of the disease, the seedlings wilted during the day and recovered at night, and the leaf color remained green. After 2 to 3 days, the water-soaked lesions at the base of the young stems were yellowish brown, gradually shrinking, and partially into pieces.
The blight disease is mostly harmful to the seedlings of the solanaceous vegetables. The temperature in the greenhouse is most likely to occur at 20 ° C ~ 25 ° C. At the beginning of the young stem, the base of the young stem showed a reddish-brown oval lesion. After the multiple spots were connected, the stem base shrank into a linear shape, and the seedlings were top-heavy, with a little flaky seedling.
Fusarium wilt occurs mostly in the seedling stage of melons, which is caused by the rot and spread of the seeds after germination. The germ can survive in the soil for several years. When the seedlings are onset, the cotyledons are wilting, and the young stems are contracted and collapsed. The disease occurs, the yellow stem is secreted at the base of the young stem, and the leaves are yellow. At noon on a sunny day, the seedlings are wilting, recovering at night, and die after a few days.
The above three diseases most likely to cause seedlings of greenhouse vegetable seedlings are generally the same. Therefore, in the prevention and treatment methods, prevention should be the main method, and comprehensive prevention and control should be carried out in order to receive practical results.
First, we must carry out agricultural prevention and control. First, the seedling bed for nursery should be replaced every year to prevent the invasion of the soil in the seedling bed; secondly, the base fertilizer applied to the seedbed should be selected from fully-fertilized farm organic fertilizer or vegetable organic fertilizer to prevent the unfertilized fertilizer from carrying bacteria. Spreading; the third is to use Huimanfeng or Zhuangfuxing or enzyme bacteria granule organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, which can effectively inhibit the soil-borne diseases; Fourth, the seed disinfection, the simplest method is to soak seeds with warm water of 55 °C for 10 minutes, also You can use the seed dressing and other drugs to stop the plant.
Second, the bed soil disinfection is required. One can be treated with 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 70% thiophanate wettable powder, 8 grams per square meter before sowing; second, 7.5 grams of 3% of Miller granules per square meter of fine soil Sprinkle into the lyrical seedbed, deep turn 20 meters, and then level the bed soil sowing; three can use 40% formalin 1000 ml water 100 kg water spray 4000 ~ 5000 kg nutrient soil, covered with plastic film for 3 days and then cool Seedlings are carried out in about 7 days.
Third, we must protect against seedlings. In the early stage of seedling disease, one can spray 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times liquid; two can spray 70% mancozeb wettability 400 times liquid; three can use copper sulfate 2 per acre before seedling planting Thousands of grams are poured with water.
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