Five measures to reduce dairy farming costs

There are many factors that affect the cost of cow breeding, and it involves all aspects, but the increase or decrease in the price of feed is a tangible, visible, and very sensitive point of view. On the whole, the current dairy industry has a lot of development, but the cost of feeding is still high, and there is also a certain gap in the level of production. However, considering how to reduce the cost of feeds alone, from the perspective of science and technology, there are five specific suggestions for reducing consumption:

One, no leisure cows

The so-called idle cattle, which refers to the light to eat not produce, often abortion, repeated infertility and low-yield cattle (all milk is less than 20 kg). In the past few years, when dairy cows heat up in the country, many shopkeepers bought cows regardless of their quality, and they bought large amounts of cows. The quality is good, and most of them are of poor quality. It is difficult to maintain these dairy cows for a short period of time. It must be eliminated. To optimize the herd structure and increase the proportion of high-yielding cattle, provide favorable conditions for the sustainable and healthy development of the dairy industry.

From the perspective of science and technology and production practice, the milk production of adult dairy cows usually decreases gradually after the 6th tire, and the available life span is within 10 years, ie, the normal elimination rate per year should be around 10%; in addition, the herd 5 to 10% of low-yield cattle need to be eliminated each year. Therefore, the elimination rate of cows in cattle farms is generally controlled at about 15 to 20%, and reserve cows should also account for 15 to 20% of the herds.

Second, set the grass material

The daily average reference requirements for dairy cows for various feeds are as follows: Mixed concentrates, adult cow-based feed (about 2 kg) + milk production (generally, 3 kg to 5 kg of milk are fed 1 kg For feed, 3 kg of cattle were raised and 1.5 kg of calf were raised; green feed was 40-50 kg, 30 kg and 15 kg, respectively; and corn silage (only when no green fodder or green fodder was used) was 25 kg in turn. 15 kg and 6 kg; hay respectively 6 kg, 4 kg and 2 kg; juicing material, generally used for dairy cows, the use period is usually calculated by half a year, daily demand is 20 kg.

Third, promote high yield

Feeding cows from 30 days before delivery to 70 days after delivery is a crucial period for determining whether the high-yield performance of dairy cows can be brought into full play. There are five main technologies for dairy cows:

1. Meet dry matter intake. The weight of dry matter eaten in one month before delivery should reach 2% of body weight, 2.5% within the first half of the month, and 4% within 70 days after delivery. To this end, it is advisable to promote the use of good quality hay; to reduce the moisture content of the diet (not to exceed 50%); the crude and dry matter ratio is preferably 45:55 or 50:50; the crude fiber content of the diet is not less than 15%, And contains 1/3 of the long fiber.

2. Supply the right amount of protein. The crude protein level of the diet was 13.5% in the month before delivery, 14.5% in the first half of the month, 19% in the first month after delivery, 17% in the lactation peak, and 15% in the late lactation. The dietary digestible protein is 60-65% of the crude protein, and rumen protein, lysine, and methionine should be added to high-yields. Dairy cows that produce 34 kg of standard milk daily can add 0.5 kg of animal protein (such as fishmeal).

3. The calcium and phosphorus content of the diet should be higher than the standard 20% and 5%. Vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E (nicotinic acid) and trace elements can be used as standard additives, to ensure good feeding.

4. Supplement fat. For lactating cattle within 5 weeks after calving, the fat content in the diet should not exceed 5 to 6%. When Nissan standard milk exceeds 35 kg, it should be kept at 7.5%. When adding fat, the calcium and magnesium content should be increased by 1% and 0.3%.

5. Scientific management. Such as adequate drinking water, freedom of movement, adhere to brushing, breast protection, scientific milking, hooves, environmental disinfection.

Fourth, promotion of cottonseed cake alternative flax and biological fermentation silage technology

When converted to the crude protein content standard, 0.87 kg of cottonseed cake can replace 1 kg of flax cake. The local purchase price of flax cakes is generally 2.4 yuan per kilogram (the local produces flaxseed, the protein cake after oil extraction is a very good protein feed, but the supply is sometimes insufficient, combined with serious adulteration), cottonseed cake shipped per kilogram 1.8 yuan. An average of 3 kilograms of flax cake per day is calculated for a cow with a discount of 7.2 yuan. The price of cottonseed cake replacement is 4.7 yuan, and the daily expenditure is 2.5 yuan. A production cycle can save 700~800 yuan for feed, and a hundred cows can save 7~80,000 yuan in 1 year. However, feed the cottonseed cake to maintain diversification of feed, and before feeding should be fermented or boiled, both to increase appetite and prevent poisoning. In addition, the biologically fermented silage can increase milk production by 4 kg per cow per day compared to feeding dry stalks. A production cycle is 1,220 kg. The purchase price per kilogram of milk was 1.7 yuan at the time, and the value of production increased by 2,074 yuan. The benefit is very good. Promotion and reference.

V. Promotion of a fully mixed diet

Fully-mixed diet is based on the nutrition needs of dairy cows at various stages of lactation, and it is a relatively nutrient obtained by fully mixing short cut roughage, concentrated feed, and various additives (the state subsidies can be obtained when the feed mixer is added). Balanced diet. Its advantages are that it greatly improves labor efficiency, saves labor and time, facilitates the development and use of local feed resources, reduces feed costs, improves palatability, avoids picky eaters, reduces forage waste, and improves utilization; it can adjust mix formulas in a timely manner. In order to give full play to the potential for milk production and fertility.

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