Shandong is located in the temperate northern climate, where the weather is cold but not extreme, warm yet not humid. This environment is ideal for the growth and reproduction of geese. For example, the same species of goose lays about 20 eggs per year in Guangdong, but up to 60–80 eggs in Shandong. The region's favorable climate, combined with abundant food resources, has contributed to the rapid development of the goose industry in recent years, creating a well-known "southern goose breeding" model.
Shandong is rich in agricultural products, providing ample feed for geese. Crop straws, maggots, and vines are high-quality feed sources, while weeds, wild herbs, and forage grasses also serve as excellent nutrition. Additionally, the presence of many lakes, ponds, and rivers offers a great environment for geese to feed and grow. Among them, the Wulong goose is a highly regarded breed, further boosting the local goose farming industry.
With the growing demand for quality geese and higher economic returns, many farmers are now focusing on how to raise healthy, productive geese. Since 2005, we have been involved in goose farming and have gradually developed effective methods. Based on our practical experience, we divide the gosling rearing process into three key stages: the brooding stage (days 1–30), the maintenance stage (days 31–65), and the fattening stage (days 65–80). Mastering these stages is essential for successful goose farming.
The brooding stage is the most critical period for goslings. At this time, their immunity is weak, and they are sensitive to environmental changes. To ensure healthy and high-quality geese, we focus on three key factors: temperature, humidity, and density, along with proper feeding and lighting.
Temperature control is crucial during brooding. If it's too hot, goslings may become weak, show shallow breathing, drink more water, and eat less. If it's too cold, they tend to huddle together, which can lead to deaths. The ideal temperature varies depending on the season, time of day, and the health of the goslings. We follow the "four highs and four lows" principle—higher temperatures in winter, lower in summer; higher at night, lower during the day; higher when the density is low, lower when it's high; and higher when sick, lower when healthy.
Humidity is also important. Although geese are waterfowl, the housing should be dry and well-ventilated. Too much humidity can cause poor appetite, reduced immunity, and disease outbreaks. Low humidity can affect feather development and lead to respiratory issues. Maintaining the right balance is key.
Breeding density significantly impacts growth. Overcrowding can reduce weight gain and increase disease risks, while too little density may waste space. Finding the right balance ensures good survival rates and efficient use of resources.
Feeding schedules should be regular and measured. Consistent timing helps goslings develop a strong feeding reflex, while quantitative feeding ensures they get the right nutrients without overeating. From day five, we introduce sand trays to allow free feeding.
Lighting plays an important role in brooding. Goslings need 24-hour light for the first three days, then gradually reduce by one hour daily. Proper lighting improves immunity and overall health.
During the brooding phase, hygiene, disinfection, vaccination, and group management are also essential. Regular grazing and bathing help maintain health, especially as the weather allows.
In the maintenance stage, geese grow rapidly, requiring more fiber-rich feed. Feeding methods include grazing, semi-grazing, or full house feeding. Depending on availability, supplementary feed can be added if needed.
Finally, during the fattening stage (65–80 days), the amount of feed increases, with corn and mixed feeds making up the majority. This helps prepare them for market.
Geese are naturally cold-resistant, so shelter from wind and access to open spaces are important, especially in summer. A well-planned environment supports their health and productivity.
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