Top Ten Medical Technology Inventions of 2017: From CAR-T Chips to 10 Times Genomics | The Scientist

Release date: 2017-12-08

1. IsoCode chip: analysis of CAR-T cell chip

Launched in February this year by Isoplexis, it contains thousands of micro-chambers that can hold only single cells. In each microchamber, up to three different compartments of specific antibodies are contained in the wells of 15 separate spaces; after binding, the antibody emits three colors of fluorescence, allowing researchers to distinguish proteins.

This new single-cell technology allows researchers to characterize cells based on proteins secreted by cells. Up to 42 different cytokines, chemokines and other molecules can be analyzed simultaneously.

Seao Mackay, CEO of IsoPlexis, said: "The ability to simultaneously analyze thousands of individual T cells or immune cells. Basically, each immune cell can acquire 30 to 45 secreted proteins, which is a true innovation."

He pointed out that the existing technology can only see a small amount of protein secreted in each cell. "Just a few. You can now see 40 secreted proteins per cell - this is a real big leap."

One of the potential applications of the IsoCode chip is the analysis of CAR-T cells, which are currently being developed for the treatment of various blood cancers. For example, John Rossi, director of conversion medicine at Kyrgyz Corporation's kite-based pharmaceuticals, said: "This is quite powerful. "IsoPlexis is currently not available on single-plex or even multi-parameter flow cytometry. The resolution that the platform can provide. ”

The IsoCode chip has 10 different panels, 24 to 42 antibodies per panel, costing between $500 and $600. The cost of automated IsoLight imaging and workflow platforms starts at $200,000. The IsoCode chip can also be paired with other fluorescence microscope systems.

"IsoLight single-cell technology is easy to use and has the potential to affect biomarker discovery and patient monitoring in cancer research," said a reviewer at the Journal of Scientists.

2. Abbott handheld blood meter i-STAT Alinity

Instant and convenient are the biggest features of i-STAT Alinity. The size of the phone is only 80's, but you can test a few drops of blood for countless times and send the results including glucose levels and hematocrit to the doctor in a matter of minutes.

In addition, an improvement in i-STAT is a large color touch screen that sounds and visually alerts the user if the patient's metrics are outside the normal range. Narendra Soman, director of research and development at Abbott’s Care Diagnostics, said, “We have added more functionality to the test results. Once the blood test results are obtained, they can be transferred from the instrument to the patient's medical record.”

“The system is designed very well, users can easily get the test program and it is very difficult to make mistakes.” Geoff Herd, test coordinator at Whangarei Hospital in New Zealand, is in an email.

With a new ergonomic design, this hand-held blood meter is more suitable for carrying around in the hospital. Previously, the i-STAT was designed to fit in a large pocket; now its curve fits under the arm. Soman said: "What we noticed is that the nurse wants to carry other things freely."

Alinity went public a year ago and is available in about forty countries. Prices range from $7,000 to $12,500, but they are not available in the US.

3. Laboratory cultivation of steroid hormones: QGel

Using your own cells to grow steroids, you can use it for personalized treatment.

This product utilizes animal-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) technology to grow steroids from cancer cells of patients and is used to make personalized treatments. This technology has been used in anti-tumor research.

Swiss pharmaceutical company Novartis uses QGel to develop cancer cells for drug screening and cells from patients themselves.

"One of the things we are particularly interested in is the ability to culture cells that are traditionally very difficult to culture, considering two-dimensional growth of cells, or "the lack of important ECM components or other cell types. . . It will hinder our ability to mimic certain cancers in vitro. "Silvia Goldoni, an oncology researcher at Novartis Pharmaceuticals, told the scientists magazine.

Colin Sanctuary, co-founder of QGel, said that if QGel is used instead of animal-derived ECMs, the application in clinical treatment will be able to reach a global scale and have a major impact on the affected population.

QGel costs between $4,000 and $5,000 and can perform about 3,000 experiments.

4. Intabio's Blaze system

It is used to detect and identify protein isomers, saving a lot of time for pharmaceutical companies to prepare in the laboratory.

It usually takes a month of protein analysis, and it can be done in one day in Blaze, says Innabio CEO Lena Wu.

The quality control system for biologics will be rolled out in the coming months, and the executive explained that the two-step process of selecting samples and expanding specifications is time consuming. “It has revolutionized the way you get critical information about product quality.”

John Teare, managing director of Bayer Pharma's post-development project, said: "We have repeatedly focused on electricity and saw an unusual peak." What is this? . "Run with Blaze, you say:" What is the quality of this peak? ”

Wu estimates that the device will cost between $70,000 and $200,000, and the 100-sample kit will cost between $5 and $10.

5. Quanterix's SR-X System

The Biomarker Detection Technology Platform can provide more than 80 different analytical methods to test samples - usually blood or serum, but some assays also analyze cerebrospinal fluid or single cell lysates - to detect cytokines, neurodegeneration or neuroinflammation, etc. landmark.

High sensitivity is the highlight of this product. "The ability to count individual beads provides very high sensitivity and can detect very low concentrations of protein. Jeremy Lambert, director of product strategy at Quanterix, explains that researchers can detect up to six different target proteins in a single assay. It does not affect the sensitivity.

SR-X uses the same technology, but is much smaller. Only the size of a large microwave oven. In addition, the SR-X assay preparation (including incubation of the sample and capture beads, as well as the washing step) was performed by the investigator. This gives the end user a lot of flexibility and they can change the detection conditions.

6. HiBit Protein Detection System

The new protein detection system produced by Promega is good at measuring protein levels in cells.

"The basic idea of ​​the HiBiT labeling system is to provide a very simple, sensitive bioluminescence method to quantify the protein of interest, whether in the cell or on the cell surface," said senior research scientist Chris Eggers.

Researchers can use CRISPR-Cas9 (another preferred expression system) or one of Promega's plasmids to join anywhere in the protein of interest.

This cost is $395. Promega also offers the option to license HiBiT tag sequences for free. The test reagent starts at $160 and costs rise to $8,925 depending on the reagents and volume required.

University of Iowa biologist Julien Sebag has been using the system to study G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). He is satisfied with the speed, especially compared to the ELISA.

7. Whole genome CRISPR screening platform: Edit-R

Dharmacon's Edit-R CRISPR-Cas9 screening platform was launched in June this year, providing users with a library of guides for synthesizing crRNA.

It contains a "one gene per well" format that allows for more subtle testing, says company product manager Baskin. “You can measure 1, 10, and 20 variations of a phenotype to get a more complex and richer data set.”

Dharmacon offers four different guide RNAs for each gene, so customers “get a lot of repetition,” Baskin points out. “Having multiple data points per gene does increase statistical power.”

Judd Hultquist of the University of California, San Francisco recently used Edit-R as part of a research project to study HIV-host interactions. Hultquist wrote in an email to Dharmacon: "Ease of use, efficiency, wide accessibility and functional adaptability make this platform truly revolutionary."

8. 10X Genomics

The goal of this product is to make transcriptome and genome-wide analysis more accurate than ever.

The researchers divided the sample into single cells (or long DNA molecules), along with reagents and individual barcode gel beads into individual drops. Mike Lucero, head of strategic marketing at 10x Genomics, said: "Every gene in hundreds of thousands of droplet chambers is digital."

The controller cost of a single battery system is approximately $75,000. There is also a Chromium controller that adds full genome sequencing and is priced at $125,000.

In October of this year, the company launched Chromium Single Cell V(D)J Solution, which analyzes adaptive immune receptors and antibody libraries of T and B cells, and measures gene expression of the same single cell sample.

Michael Schatz, a computational biologist at Johns Hopkins University, says the unique feature of the technology is the ability to distinguish whether a given allele is from a maternal or paternal chromosome. “It does provide a very new and powerful microscope to see what we have never seen before.”

9. Thermo Fisher: Three-stage mass spectrometer

Thermo Scientific's TSQ Altis three-stage mass spectrometer reliably and reliably quantifies most analyte types, even in complex samples such as plasma and tissue. The system is widely used in analysis, forensic toxicology and clinical research.

Altis has a triple quadrupole that allows researchers to target specific molecules and provide enhanced ion transport consistency. Another advantage of the system is the active collision cell, where ionized samples collide with neutral gases and debris, ensuring fast, selective reaction monitoring for increased productivity.

10. Thermo Fisher: Invitrogen TrueCut Cas9 Protein v2

This protein has been specifically designed to maximize the cutting efficiency of the Cas9 protein and thus speed up the production process.

The cleavage efficiency of the Cas9 protein is a restrictive step in the editing of the CRISPR-Cas9 genome.

TrueCut proteins can be efficiently edited not only in standard cell lines, but also in stem cells and primary cells.

Olivier Humbert, a scientist at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, uses the TrueCut system to edit blood stem cells in order to develop treatments for hemoglobinopathy such as beta thalassemia. He said that protein "allows us to edit these stem cells effectively, which can be a bit tricky. "We can genetically modify more than 70% of these blood stem cells. ”

Thermo Fisher Scientific offers two concentrations of TrueCut: a standard editing assay of 1 microgram and a more challenging assay of 5 micrograms. At lower concentrations, the company offers 10 micrograms, $85 or 25 micrograms, and $108; the higher cost of 100 micrograms is $230.

Reference materials:

https://?articles.view/articleNo/50969/title/2017-Top-10-Innovations/

Source: Jianzizi ihealth

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