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The development of modern agriculture is inseparable from the support of science and technology; To this end, our province has introduced a series of measures in recent years: strengthening the construction of science and technology innovation platform; supporting agricultural research institutions, institutions of higher learning and scientific and technological personnel to participate in modern agricultural construction for production research and development, technology promotion; vigorously implement the popular science and prosperity project; Vigorously implement the special action of science and technology poverty alleviation... The farmers are delighted to find that in the field, more and more agricultural experts are leaping. They go to the farm, visit the farmer, ask the farmery, solve the problem of planting and technical problems, and adapt to local conditions. Guide the development of the agricultural industry and help the poor villages get rid of poverty and become rich.
In order to let more farmers know and master the advanced technology taught by experts, this newspaper has launched the column "Experts to send technology to the village under the field" from today, so stay tuned!
â–¡ Li Jinyu
Kiwi trees often encounter many diseases such as brown spot disease, which not only have a great impact on plant growth, but also generally prevent and control methods. In this regard, Professor Gong Guoshu of Sichuan Agricultural University and his party recently went to poor villages in Guangyuan, Ya'an, Mianzhu and other places to hold training on the prevention and treatment of kiwifruit brown spot disease.
At the training site, Gong Guoshu said that kiwifruit brown spot disease, commonly known as kiwifruit early defoliation, is a recurrent infection of airborne fungal disease, which is the second largest disease in Sichuan kiwifruit production area after ulcer disease, leading to early leaves. Seriously affect the yield of kiwifruit in the current year and the next year. In the first half of the year, the leaves are almost completely lost, and the yield loss can reach 30%-70%. However, after the disease occurred, most growers thought it was caused by physiological factors, and the prevention and treatment methods were confusing.
"The pathogen of brown spot disease is identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The kiwifruit brown spot caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a new record of disease in China." Gong Guoshu gave a detailed introduction to brown spot disease in the form of illustrations. Because of the difference in altitude, season, temperature, etc., the degree of disease varies, and the low-altitude area is generally heavier than the high-altitude area. The disease mainly invades the leaves of kiwifruit trees, and the young leaves can be damaged when they are unfolded. At the beginning, they form a nearly round dark green water-immersed spot, which spreads to brown small round spots with faint halo on the edges. Under the condition of rainy and high humidity, the lesions spread rapidly, with a diameter of 2-3 cm, the edge is dark brown, the center is light gray, with obvious wheel pattern, and the disease and health boundary is obvious. Generally, a large number of gray-black mold layers are formed on the back of the leaf, and there is also a front surface when wet. Multiple lesions often heal together, causing the leaves to die, rupture and fall. After the old diseased leaves fall off, the new leaves are re-issued and continue to suffer.
“In the case of medical treatment, low-toxicity, low-residue drugs should be used to avoid affecting the fruit.†Gong Guoshu said that after several years of indoor and field drug screening, they obtained the types of drugs that can effectively control the disease, namely A pharmaceutical agent such as cyprodinil, azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, flusilazole, dicyandione, tetrafluoroetherazole, difenoconazole or tebuconazole is preferred. If the systemic fungicide and the protective fungicide are compounded, the effect is better, and the field control effect can reach 70%-80%.
Experts such as Gong Guoshu suggested to the majority of growers and technicians that most of the kiwifruit producing areas in Sichuan (shallow hills and peaceful dam areas) begin in late June to early July each year, and can be used to control brown according to changes in temperature and humidity. The occurrence of spot disease is usually 10 days apart, and the use of the drug in turn for about 3 times can control the serious occurrence of the disease.
The participants also visited the kiwifruit brown spot control and drug control area, the comprehensive prevention and control technology display area, and the rain-proof cultivation demonstration area. When everyone saw the leaves of the kiwifruit in the demonstration area were thick green and fruitful, the leaves of the kiwifruit in the control area and the surrounding general park were withered, the leaves were full of leaves, and the fruits were weak, which was very surprising. The functional leaves of kiwifruit in the demonstration area are 90%, while the average planting area is less than 10%.
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Professor Gong Guoshu is a candidate for academic and technical leaders in Sichuan Province. He is the director of the Plant Protection Department of Sichuan Agricultural University, a member of the Chinese Society of Plant Pathology, and an expert in plant protection for the Sichuan Innovation Team of the Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System.
Her research group on “Sustainable Control of Plant Pests and Diseases†has been working on the research of kiwifruit brown spot disease, and has made important breakthroughs in prevention and treatment. It has clarified the pathogens and their host range and epidemiology that cause brown spot disease. A comprehensive prevention and control technology suitable for Sichuan kiwifruit production area was constructed. The technology has high maturity and has five “magic weapons†for controlling kiwifruit brown spot disease—(1) forecasting and forecasting; (2) avoiding interplanting of other host plants and kiwifruit; (3) clearing the garden in winter, clearing litter; (4) Balance nutrition and strengthen the tree; (5) Drug prevention and control, rotation and medication.
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